39/8 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Tuvalu

GE.18-11385(E)



Human Rights Council Thirty-ninth session

10–28 September 2018

Agenda item 6

Universal periodic review

Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review*

Tuvalu

* The annex is being circulated without formal editing, in the language of submission only.

United Nations A/HRC/39/8

Introduction

1. The Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, established in accordance

with Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, held its thirtieth session from 7 to 18 May 2018.

The review of Tuvalu was held at the 6th meeting, on 9 May 2018. The delegation of

Tuvalu was headed by the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Enele Sosene Sopoaga. At its 10th

meeting, held on 11 May 2018, the Working Group adopted the report on Tuvalu.

2. On 10 January 2018, the Human Rights Council selected the following group of

rapporteurs (troika) to facilitate the review of Tuvalu: Mexico, Mongolia and Senegal.

3. In accordance with paragraph 15 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution

5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21, the following documents

were issued for the review of Tuvalu:

(a) A national report submitted/written presentation made in accordance with

paragraph 15 (a) (A/HRC/WG.6/30/TUV/1);

(b) A compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in accordance with paragraph 15 (b)

(A/HRC/WG.6/30/TUV/2);

(c) A summary prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (c)

(A/HRC/WG.6/30/TUV/3);

4. A list of questions prepared in advance by Brazil, Germany, Liechtenstein, Portugal,

Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was

transmitted to Tuvalu through the troika. These questions are available on the website of the

universal periodic review.

I. Summary of the proceedings of the review process

A. Presentation by the State under review

5. The Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Enele Sosene Sopoaga, presented the national report.

He emphasized that the preparation of the report had followed a broad-based consultative

approach that was inclusive and constructive. The report highlighted achievements,

challenges and constraints and set out the way forward for the country’s strategy for the

promotion and protection of human rights.

6. The fundamental human rights of Tuvaluans as a people, and the rights of Tuvalu as

a sovereign State, were grossly challenged by unique vulnerabilities to external forces that

were beyond the country’s capability to cope.

7. Since the previous report under the universal periodic review, the adverse impacts of

the 2008 global economic crisis had even reached nations as remote as Tuvalu. That had

resulted in a severe reduction in employment of the country’s trained seafarers on merchant

ships worldwide, losses in foreign investment in the Tuvalu Trust Fund and losses in

revenue from remittances. Severe tropical cyclones had hit the islands, and there had been

increased erosion, salinity in fresh water, long droughts and other environmental

degradation, which the Government strongly believed to be effects of climate change and

sea-level rise.

8. Tuvalu, a least developed country and small island developing State, had been

largely left on its own with respect to ensuring the provision of services vital to the

promotion and protection of the human rights of its people.

9. Unless the Human Rights Council and States Members of the United Nations fully

recognized the unique vulnerabilities of Tuvalu and other small island developing States,

took urgent concrete action to respond to the problem of climate change and provided

special partnership opportunities for small island developing States, the fundamental rights

of Tuvaluans to sustainable development and to survive as a people would be severely

compromised. The Council must follow up its words with action.

10. The Constitution of Tuvalu, which provided for the full recognition of human rights,

continued to be recognized as the supreme, and basic, law of the country. Protection and

promotion of human rights and freedoms was derived from and based on the Constitution.

All laws, and all acts done under a law, must be reasonably justifiable and democratic.

When determining whether a law or act was reasonably justifiable and democratic, the

courts could take into account: (a) traditional standards, values and practices, as well as

previous laws and judicial decisions, of Tuvalu; (b) law, practices and judicial decisions of

other countries that the court reasonably regarded as democratic; and (c) international

conventions, declarations, recommendations and judicial decisions concerning human

rights.

11. Within its limited resources, Tuvalu would continue to work towards the full

realization of human rights for the people of Tuvalu, in all sectors of development and of

the community.

12. A constitutional review, which involved nationwide consultations, was currently

under way and set to be finalized in 2019. Proposed changes included adding gender and

disability as grounds on which discrimination was prohibited. Also being considered in the

review were models and structure of governance, the traditional and cultural rights of island

communities, the response to climate change and the social impact of cybercrime.

13. Tuvalu was committed to achieving the targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable

Development. In its national strategy for sustainable development, formulated in 2015, and

with a vision of a more protected, secure and prosperous Tuvalu and healthier people who

were more engaged in national, regional and international forums, the Government had

identified — and the people had supported — 12 areas of priority, including targets on

climate change, governance, development of outer islands, social development,

infrastructure development and oceans.

14. Education and health services, including the costly Tuvalu Medical Treatment

Scheme for referrals, were provided for by the Government and almost 100 per cent of the

population had access to electricity. Per capita income had increased greatly over the past

few years. There was still an urgent need to improve infrastructure for connectivity and

better nation-building.

15. Climate change was the most serious existential threat for Tuvaluans as a people and

Tuvalu as a sovereign State. Concrete action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to

provide adequate funding for mitigation and adaptation actions for small island developing

States was urgently needed. The seriousness of the threat had been noted in, among other

documents, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway and the 2030

Agenda. In its statement for 2018, the Commonwealth Heads of Government Leaders had

called for a new paradigm shift for responses and action by the international community.

16. The increasing frequency in which effects of climate change had been felt been well

documented worldwide. Those effects threatened the full and effective enjoyment by

Tuvaluans of their rights to life, water and sanitation, food, health, housing, self-

determination, culture and development.

17. Tuvalu was currently active in the development of the guidelines for the

implementation of the Paris Agreement. It had also proposed two initiatives related to

climate change, including with respect to the establishment of the Pacific Islands Climate

Change Insurance Facility and the adoption of a General Assembly resolution to give

protection to people displaced by the impacts of climate change.

18. Tuvalu was mainstreaming climate change action into its national strategy for

sustainable development and the budget. It had established the Climate Change and

Disaster Survival Fund, and national strategies on its nationally determined contributions

and national action plans. It had embarked on a coastal adaptation project, funded by the

Green Climate Fund, to construct protective sea walls for all its islands. Education and

capacity-building were extremely vital — a more educated population would cope better

with the effects of climate change and sea-level rise.

19. Relocation of Tuvaluans to other lands was not an option. The Government was

fully committed to protecting Tuvalu against the onslaught of climate change. The Prime

Minister called on the international community to do what was right, in the manner

provided under the Paris Agreement. The United Nations, including the Human Rights

Council, was duty-bound and morally obligated to provide leadership to keep the “world

canoe” buoyant.

20. The national creed, which could be translated as “Tuvalu for the Almighty”, was the

foundation of the country’s social and cultural beliefs and the basis of the country’s

nationhood. Tuvaluans held dear their God-given traditional values and cultural practices

and their communal way of living, respecting each other and living alongside and helping

each other to ensure human security and dignity for every Tuvaluan. Tuvalu needed,

however, to improve its development to independently support the development and

protection of human rights in the country.

21. Tuvalu had ratified a number of international conventions dealing with human

rights, and the Government was committed to fulfilling the requirements and obligations

under those conventions.

22. On the ground, a number of initiatives had made progress with the partnership of

bilateral donors and regional bodies. The Government hoped that the Human Rights

Council could also make a contribution to help Tuvaluans.

23. Tuvalu, with the help of partners, had made a number of improvements to its

existing legislation, particularly in laws on child protection, persons with disabilities,

women, and persons in vulnerable situations. There was also increased recognition of the

rights of island communities and governance on each of the nine islands of Tuvalu. Special

support, through policies and action, was provided in the areas of women’s development,

gender balance, the treatment of women, and youth issues.

24. Tuvalu would continue to honour and implement the policies referred to in its

national report, and thus fulfil its human rights obligations. It would also make

improvements through the implementation of its human rights action plan and its policies

on the protection of children in all education institutions, on gender, on disability, on young

people and on sustainable and integrated water and sanitation. The Government was

providing $70 per month per person for seniors and persons with disabilities. While that

was a large sacrifice for a small island like Tuvalu, the country was committed to the

initiative, which would continue.

25. The country was facing a number of critical challenges, including a lack of technical

and specialist expertise, a lack of opportunities, a lack of financial support, difficulty

securing durable and genuine partnerships, climate change issues and the isolation of

Tuvalu from the centre of influence, which was a source of disadvantage and vulnerability.

26. The Prime Minister pointed out that he and his delegation had travelled halfway

around the globe, which represented a heavy carbon footprint, to satisfy the reporting

requirements of the Human Rights Council.

27. Reiterating the appeal made by the Prime Minister in 2009 during the presentation of

the country’s first report under the universal periodic review, the delegation stated that the

United Nations, including the Human Rights Council, must establish a physical presence in

Tuvalu and the Pacific to ensure durable, responsive and genuine partnerships on human

rights. The delegation expressed appreciation for the decision of the Government of

Australia to establish a full-fledged high commission in Tuvalu. That could be a critical

conduit for others.

28. At the end of June 2018 Tuvalu would host the Polynesian Leaders Group Summit

in Funafuti, during which there would be extensive dialogue on climate change and

biodiversity in small island developing States.

29. The Prime Minister invited the representatives at the Human Rights Council to visit

Tuvalu and see for themselves the beauty and culture of the country and its exposure to the

elements of climate change and sea-level rise. He also invited them to the Pacific Islands

Forum leaders summit, which Tuvalu would be hosting again in 2019.

30. The Prime Minister thanked a number of countries and partners for the support

provided to Tuvalu in dealing with its challenges.

31. The representative of China raised a point of order, stressing that in accordance with

General Assembly resolution 2758, there was only one China, and asking the President to

remind delegations to use, when referring to Taiwan, its official name at United Nations,

that is, Taiwan Province of China.

32. The President explained that the Secretariat would strictly abide by General

Assembly resolution 2758 in the report it would prepare in connection with the universal

periodic review of Tuvalu. The Assembly had recognized in that resolution that the

representatives of the People’s Republic of China were the only legitimate representatives

of China to the United Nations. The President recalled that national reports were not part of

the outcomes, which were adopted by the Human Rights Council in plenary sessions.

33. The delegation of Tuvalu thanked the President for his clarifications. It emphasized

that the partnership of the Human Rights Council was critical as Tuvalu strove to fully

realize its commitments to the protection of fundamental human rights and the promotion of

its people.

34. The delegation urged the international community, especially the Human Rights

Council, to hear the voices of Tuvalu and the Pacific, and all small island developing

States, especially those of their young people, women and persons with disabilities, and to

urgently fulfil their responsibilities by taking action on adaptation and urgently reducing

greenhouse gas emissions.

B. Interactive dialogue and responses by the State under review

35. During the interactive dialogue, 48 delegations made statements. Recommendations

made during the dialogue are to be found in section II of the present report.

36. The United States of America noted that protections for children, including young

girls, were inadequately addressed in the penal code and that consensual adult same-sex

sexual conduct remained criminalized. It also noted existing laws, customs and practices

that discriminated against persons with disabilities.

37. Uruguay noted the progress made in areas such as gender equality and women’s

rights and encouraged Tuvalu to redouble its efforts to combat discrimination and violence

against women and girls.

38. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela noted positively the national action plan on

human rights for 2016 to 2020, the recent establishment of a national human rights

institution, and the National Strategy for Sustainable Development for 2016 to 2020, which

laid the groundwork for improving the lives of people in the country. It also expressed

appreciation for measures taken to improve the health system and the availability of

housing.

39. Afghanistan encouraged Tuvalu to strengthen the process of transposing the content

of international conventions into national laws and policies.

40. Algeria welcomed the adoption of the Tuvalu national action plan on human rights

for 2016 to 2020. It commended Tuvalu for improving health access for the inhabitants of

remote islands, for having reduced maternal mortality and for its remarkable achievements

in the field of education.

41. Armenia expressed appreciation for the adoption of measures such as the Family

Protection and Domestic Violence Act of 2014 and the national action plan on human rights

for 2016 to 2020, and for the effective cooperation with United Nations mechanisms,

including the extension of a standing invitation to the Human Rights Council special

procedure mandate holders.

42. Australia noted that Tuvalu was working towards ratifying core human rights

treaties and their optional protocols. While remaining concerned about violence against

women, Australia welcomed the adoption of the Family Protection and Domestic Violence

Act of 2014.

43. Brazil congratulated Tuvalu for the adoption of the national action plan on human

rights for 2016 to 2020 and of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development for 2016

to 2020, recognizing the major challenges faced by Tuvalu in relation to climate change and

natural disaster. Brazil encouraged Tuvalu to fully incorporate the principle of equality of

women and men into its Constitution.

44. Canada welcomed the introduction by Tuvalu of a national action plan on human

rights, the consolidation of existing human rights treaty obligations and efforts to ensure

that human rights continued to be prioritized in government policymaking. Canada

commended Tuvalu for implementing the Family Protection and Domestic Violence Act in

2014 to provide children and adults with greater protection from domestic violence.

45. Chile was concerned by the application of corporal punishment on children and

urged Tuvalu to eliminate that pernicious practice. Chile was of the view that efforts to

fight climate change should involve the society as a whole and have a focus on human

rights.

46. The Congo welcomed the adoption of the national action plan on human rights for

2016 to 2020, the establishment of a national steering committee on disability and an

advisory committee on child rights, and the extension of a standing invitation to the Human

Rights Council special procedure mandate holders. The Congo encouraged Tuvalu to

finalize its engagement for the ratification of international instruments.

47. Costa Rica congratulated Tuvalu for its adoption of the national action plan on

human rights for 2016 to 2020 and the bill to establish a national human rights institution. It

urged Tuvalu to continue with the integration of the Convention on the Rights of the Child

and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women into

national laws and policies. Costa Rica noted the impact that climate change had on the

attainment of human rights and that the geographical reality of Tuvalu meant that the

country’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change was greater than that of countries in

other regions of the world.

48. Cuba stated that, as a small island developing State, Tuvalu faced numerous

challenges, some of which, such as climate change, posed a direct danger to the very

existence of the country. Despite those challenges, the authorities of Tuvalu had made

important efforts to promote and protect human rights in the areas of education and health,

taking specific measures to maintain the progress made in relation to the rights of young

people and women.

49. Denmark highlighted that the Convention against Torture Initiative, which worked

through government-to-government exchange and cooperation, stood ready to explore

avenues to assist the Government of Tuvalu in making advances on the issue of ratification

of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or

Punishment.

50. France recognized that Tuvalu had made concrete efforts, such as the adoption of the

national human rights action plan, in the field of human rights, despite economic, financial

and environmental challenges.

51. Georgia acknowledged efforts made by the Government of Tuvalu to harmonize its

domestic legislation with its international obligations and implement recommendations

received during the previous review cycle. It welcomed the adoption in 2016 of the human

rights national action plan for 2016 to 2020. Georgia noted with satisfaction that the

Government of Tuvalu had extended a standing invitation to all thematic special procedure

mandate holders.

52. Germany recognized the growing participation of women in the health and education

sectors, in politics and in civil society, and acknowledged steps taken, such as the adoption

of legislation on domestic violence in 2014. However, it remained concerned about

continued discrimination and violence, in particular based on gender. In addition, the failure

to ratify core human rights instruments, such as the International Covenant on Civil and

Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and

the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or

Punishment, caused further apprehension regarding the safety of marginalized groups.

53. Ghana commended the endorsement by the Government of Tuvalu of several

measures to promote and protect the human rights of its citizens and to ensure that the

provisions of international human rights instruments were reflected in domestic legislation

and policies. It welcomed, in particular, the national action plan on human rights for 2016

to 2020 and the report of the Scoping Study Team on the feasibility and options for the

establishment of a national human rights institution. Ghana congratulated Tuvalu for

participating in the Convention against Torture Initiative regional seminar held in Fiji in

2016, and commended the Government’s commitment to acceding to the Convention

against Torture.

54. Guyana congratulated the Government of Tuvalu on the presentation of its

comprehensive report for the third cycle of the universal periodic review. It called for the

Government to be commended for its efforts in promoting and protecting human rights

among its people, as evidenced in the human rights national action plan for 2016 to 2020,

which served as a concrete step towards fulfilling the country’s international obligations

and strengthening national efforts in realizing human rights in Tuvalu. It also commended

Tuvalu for the adoption of amendments and legislation to harmonize its domestic laws with

its international obligations.

55. Haiti commended the efforts and progress made in the promotion and protection of

human rights in Tuvalu, in particular the adoption, in 2016, of the national action plan on

human rights for 2016 to 2020, the first plan of its kind in the Pacific; the implementation

of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development; the improvement in access to health

care for the inhabitants of the peripheral islands; the considerable reduction in the maternal

mortality rate; and the fight for climate justice on the world stage.

56. Honduras welcomed the important achievements in the implementation of the

recommendations accepted by Tuvalu during the previous cycle. It welcomed the process of

constitutional review initiated by Tuvalu with the technical support of the United Nations

Development Programme (UNDP) and the willingness to address human rights issues

relating to freedom of religion, gender equality, inclusion of marginalized groups and

protection of the environment. It commended the commitment and cooperation of Tuvalu

with the Human Rights Council in extending an open invitation to the special procedure

mandate holders, as well as with the Regional Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights.

57. Iceland welcomed the adoption of the Family Protection and Domestic Violence Act

of 2014. It regretted, however, that despite having accepted, during the second review

cycle, to increase efforts to swiftly ratify fundamental human rights treaties, that action had

yet to be taken.

58. Indonesia noted with appreciation the decision to accept two recommendations made

by Indonesia during the second review cycle, regarding the implementation of the Police

Powers and Duties Act and efforts to strengthen measures to ensure respect and protection

for vulnerable groups, including women and persons with disabilities. Indonesia

commended the positive developments in Tuvalu, in particular the adoption of the human

rights national action plan for 2016 to 2020 and the Act of 2017 on the national human

rights institution. Indonesia also welcomed the initiative to conduct a constitutional review,

with UNDP-led technical support, in order to address a number of issues pertaining to

freedom of religion, gender equality, the inclusion of marginalized populations and

protection of the environment.

59. Iraq commended the amendments and legislation adopted by Tuvalu as a step

towards harmonizing its legislation with its international obligations, as well as the human

rights national action plan for 2016 to 2020. Iraq encouraged Tuvalu to complete the steps

to ratify the Convention against Torture and the International Convention on the

Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

60. The delegation of Tuvalu responded to questions raised by stating that Tuvalu was

currently conducting a comprehensive review of its Constitution and that the Government

would incorporate into that process considerations regarding accession to, or the signing

and ratification of, relevant human rights conventions.

61. The Prime Minister wished to work closely with the Human Rights Council in

addressing reporting requirements. Acceding to and ratifying international conventions

required extensive work. The Government was fully committed to signing and acceding to

the relevant conventions.

62. The Government was working hard with communities to legislate against and

repress discrimination based on sex or race, and violence. The Prime Minister was unaware

of any provisions in the laws of Tuvalu that explicitly enabled discrimination, and would

need to be advised on that matter.

63. With regard to sexual orientation, there were cultural practices that needed to be

brought into line with international standards. While that approach differed from traditional

Tuvaluan culture, the Government was committed to addressing such issues in a manner

that was acceptable and that followed international norms.

64. The views and recommendations expressed to Tuvalu on improving the situation

with respect to torture were appreciated, but the Prime Minister was unaware of any torture-

related actions in the country. He requested clarification on that issue.

65. The Prime Minister thanked Member States, in particular Cuba and Guyana, for

their encouragement regarding measures to address climate change.

66. The Government of Tuvalu had waived all school fees at the primary and secondary

levels for all children, including girls.

67. The Government would ratify the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999

(No. 182) of the International Labour Organization, and implement it during fourth cycle of

the universal periodic review.

68. Tuvalu had championed the concept of human rights action plans not only in the

country but also in the Pacific region. It encouraged current initiatives undertaken with

relevant domestic stakeholders to promote and protect human rights.

69. Ireland welcomed the adoption in 2016 of the human rights national action plan for

2016 to 2020 and the recent progress made in relation to the creation of a national human

rights institution. It encouraged the Government of Tuvalu to expedite the establishment of

the institution in full compliance with the principles relating to the status of national

institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles). Ireland

recognized the positive recent developments in relation to corporal punishment. It noted

that Tuvalu had not become a party to several of the core human rights treaties.

70. Israel noted the country’s commitment to the protection and advancement of human

rights, as demonstrated in its reports to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination

against Women and the Committee on the Rights of the Child. It noted with satisfaction the

adoption in 2016 of the human rights national action plan for 2016 to 2020, and encouraged

its continued implementation. Israel acknowledged the country’s commitment to the

fulfilment of the basic needs of its citizens, in the face of severe developmental and climatic

challenges.

71. Italy welcomed the commitment of Tuvalu to the universal periodic review and its

effort to improve the promotion and protection of human rights in the country. It

commended the authorities of Tuvalu for the accession, in 2013, to the Convention on the

Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It congratulated Tuvalu on the approval of a national

action plan for human rights, in 2016, which mainly focused on economic and social rights,

such as the rights to education, to health, to food and to water.

72. Jamaica commended Tuvalu for its commitment to improving the quality of life of

its citizens, as outlined in the National Strategy for Sustainable Development for 2016 to

2020, including with respect to the right to housing, employment and voting. It also

commended Tuvalu on its human rights national action plan for 2016 to 2020, noting that it

was the first plan of its kind in the Pacific. Jamaica further commended Tuvalu for taking

full advantage of technical assistance provided by UNDP to address issues related to

freedom of religion, gender equality, the inclusion of marginalized populations and

protection of the environment. It commended Tuvalu for achieving near universal primary

enrolment through its initiative on compulsory free education.

73. Maldives commended Tuvalu on the adoption of the human rights national action

plan for 2016 to 2020, and its efforts to consolidate the existing human rights commitments

of Tuvalu for the full realization of human rights. It welcomed the National Strategy for

Sustainable Development for 2016 to 2020 and the progress towards the achievement of the

global goals. It also welcomed the achievement of near universal primary enrolment and the

provision of free education for children between the ages of 6 and 16.

74. Mexico recognized that Tuvalu, as a small island country with low coastal areas,

needed to constantly address priorities derived from climate change, which could hinder the

effective exercise of human rights. It commended Tuvalu for its cooperation with the

United Nations system to meet its international obligations. Mexico noted with appreciation

concrete action taken in the area of human rights, such as the adoption of the national

human rights plan and the national plan for sustainable development, and the beginning of a

consultation process aimed at reforming the Constitution. Mexico urged Tuvalu to continue

its cooperation with international organizations in order to implement its human rights

obligations.

75. Montenegro encouraged Tuvalu to continue cooperating with the United Nations to

accede to key international human rights instruments and to review existing legislation to

ensure equality and non-discrimination. It regretted that corporal punishment could be used

by parents and guardians.

76. Morocco welcomed the commitments of Tuvalu to international standards and

cooperation with United Nations bodies. It noted the establishment of a national human

rights action plan and policies to promote gender equality and to combat violence against

women and domestic violence, as well as policies for persons with disabilities.

77. Nepal commended Tuvalu on its adoption of the Act on the national human rights

institution and of a national action plan on human rights, linked to its National Strategy for

Sustainable Development, and its protection and promotion of the rights of children and

persons with disabilities. Nepal expressed understanding of the constraints that Tuvalu, as a

least developed country and a country confronting the adverse effects of climate change,

faced when creating a platform for inclusive realization of social, economic and other basic

rights for all citizens.

78. The Netherlands welcomed the adoption of the Act on the national human rights

institution, and the related action plan, and the Family Protection and Domestic Violence

Act. However, it noted that discrimination related to gender and sexual orientation existed.

79. New Zealand commended Tuvalu for its commitment to human rights, as set out in

the Tuvalu National Human Rights Action Plan 2016–2020, and for the progress made in

protecting persons with disabilities since ratifying the relevant international convention.

80. Portugal welcomed the Tuvalu delegation and commended it for adopting the

Family Protection and Domestic Violence Act of 2014.

81. The Republic of Korea welcomed the cooperation of Tuvalu with human rights

mechanisms, including its standing invitation to special rapporteurs, and its national human

rights action plan linking human rights promotion and sustainable development goals.

82. Senegal welcomed the Tuvalu National Human Rights Action Plan 2016–2020 and

its timely submission of national reports to the relevant treaty bodies. It noted its

encouraging primary education results and improved school enrolment.

83. Serbia welcomed the efforts of Tuvalu to implement recommendations from the

second cycle of universal periodic review and its standing invitation to all special procedure

mandate holders. Serbia encouraged Tuvalu to take measures to enhance awareness of

women’s rights and equal treatment.

84. Singapore commended the Government for the concrete steps, taken since the

previous review, to advance the human rights of its people despite significant geographic,

financial and human resource constraints. It also commended the recent establishment of a

national human rights institution.

85. Slovenia welcomed the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with

Disabilities, in 2013, and the efforts Tuvalu had made in the adoption of a national water

strategy and a plan of action covering the entire population, in particular those with a lower

income.

86. Spain acknowledged the efforts made by Tuvalu to promote and protect human

rights, in particular through the adoption of the Tuvalu National Human Rights Action Plan

2016–2020, the first of its kind in the Pacific, and the recent adoption of a bill to establish a

national human rights institution.

87. Togo noted that several challenges and constraints, related mainly to the limited

resources available and the effects of climate change, had severely undermined the efforts

of Tuvalu in implementing the recommendations made during the second cycle and in

meeting all commitments for the realization of human rights in the country.

88. Turkey welcomed the adoption of the human rights national action plan for 2016 to

2020 and encouraged the Government to ratify the major international human rights treaties

to which it was not yet a party, which would strengthen the domestic legislation with regard

to the promotion and protection of human rights, including freedom of religion and belief.

89. Ukraine recognized the commitment by Tuvalu to human rights protection and

promotion and noted the efforts taken by its authorities to improve the institutional and

legislative framework for human rights. Ukraine commended the achievements of the

Government since the previous review cycle, namely, accession to the Convention on the

Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adoption of a national action plan on human rights, the

first among the Pacific countries, and the law on establishing a national human rights

institution. It also commended the extension of a standing invitation to the special

procedures of the Human Rights Council.

90. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland stated that it was aware

of the challenges facing Tuvalu, particularly those relating to climate change and providing

services on a small scale, and that it was impressed by the Government’s level of

consultation with civil society in preparation for the review process. It welcomed the steps

taken by Tuvalu towards establishing a national human rights institution and encouraged

the Government to make use of the Pacific Community’s Regional Rights Resource Team,

for which the United Kingdom had provided funding.

91. Argentina welcomed the delegation of Tuvalu and thanked it for presenting its

report.

92. The Philippines commended Tuvalu for the Tuvalu National Human Rights Action

Plan 2016–2020, its strengthening of the Office of the People’s Lawyer and its

institutionalization of the standard operating procedures for the police. It noted efforts to

ratify several international instruments.

93. In its closing remarks, the delegation pointed out that the link between climate

change and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development meant that without successful

achievement of the 2030 Agenda, Tuvalu could not protect and ensure the enjoyment of

human rights. Climate change cut across all development factors and actors. Until the

vulnerabilities were addressed and the areas of impact established, protecting and enjoying

human rights in small island developing States like Tuvalu would be extremely difficult.

94. Tuvalu had consistently called for effective, enhanced and accelerated action on

climate change. It had introduced the issue of insurance facilities in the region and at the

United Nations to provide small island developing States with better access to insurance

products and systems as tools for coping with climate change impacts. It had also advocated

for a General Assembly resolution on protection of the human rights of people displaced by

climate change and other human-induced national disasters. Current international legal

instruments did not provide the protection that climate change refugees deserved.

95. Tuvalu was formulating legislation, deals and policies despite its constraints and

limitations. It appreciated the suggestions of States Members of the United Nations,

especially those contributing to its development efforts. It noted the importance of visiting

rapporteurs and thematic teams.

96. Tuvalu had missions strategically placed throughout the world that, among other

things, were established to facilitate conversation with other countries. Tuvalu should not

wait four years for its next universal periodic review to exchange information.

97. Tuvalu would progressively ratify human rights conventions, but a cost/benefit

analysis informed by relevant stakeholders was required, and the added value for Tuvalu of

ratifying those conventions would need to be determined.

98. In human rights terms, the most challenging issue for Tuvalu was climate change;

the Government asked the international community to help advance the initiatives presented

by its ambassadors to the United Nations and to the European Union.

99. In closing, the Prime Minister stated that the impacts of climate change on island

countries continued to threaten the livelihood of their inhabitants, and re-emphasized the

need for urgent, concrete action against climate change.

100. Tuvalu was fully committed not only to honouring its human rights obligations to its

own people, but also to sharing its experience and supporting similar efforts in the Pacific

and other small island developing States.

II. Conclusions and/or recommendations

101. The following recommendations will be examined by Tuvalu, which will

provide responses in due time, but no later than the thirty-ninth session of the Human

Rights Council:

101.1 Ratify the international human rights instruments it is not party to

(Ghana);

101.2 Proceed to a rapid ratification of the main international conventions

on human rights (France);

101.3 Ratify international instruments to which Tuvalu is not yet part of

(Togo);

101.4 Ratify the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the

Crime of Genocide (Armenia);

101.5 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(Montenegro);

101.6 Accede to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

and take steps to raise social awareness and understanding of the rights

embodied in the instrument (Canada);

101.7 Take steps to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights and its Optional Protocols, and incorporate these obligations into

domestic legislation (New Zealand);

101.8 Ratify the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Brazil);

101.9 Sign and ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

Rights as soon as possible (Iceland);

101.10 Speed up the efforts to ratify other core human rights treaties,

particularly the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Slovenia);

101.11 Accelerate efforts to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and

Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and

Cultural Rights (Ireland);

101.12 Increase efforts to swiftly ratify the main international human rights

instruments, especially the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

(Italy);

101.13 Ratify the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

Rights (Montenegro);

101.14 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and

the Optional Protocol thereto on abolishing the death penalty, the Convention

against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or

Punishment and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms

of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine);

101.15 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading

Treatment or Punishment (Germany);

101.16 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading

Treatment or Punishment (Australia);

101.17 Ratify the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or

Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Denmark);

101.18 Ratify the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or

Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Armenia); Ratify the Convention against

Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

(Spain); Pursue efforts to ratify international instruments such as the

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading

Treatment or Punishment (Morocco); Consider acceding to the Convention

against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or

Punishment (Indonesia);

101.19 Consider the ratification of the Convention against Torture and

Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Chile);

101.20 Consider adhering to the main human rights international

instruments, namely, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

(Costa Rica);

101.21 Consider the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention

on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child

pornography (Afghanistan);

101.22 Consider ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of

the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the

Convention against Torture (Philippines);

101.23 Intensify efforts to ratify remaining major international human

rights treaties, including the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights

of Persons with Disabilities, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,

Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the International

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination against Women and the Optional Protocols to the Convention

on the Rights of the Child (Georgia);

101.24 Ratify promptly the International Covenant on Economic, Social and

Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman

or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Uruguay);

101.25 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of

All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Denmark);

101.26 Accede and ratify the human rights instruments to which it is not yet

a party, in particular the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of

the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, the

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

and the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in

respect of Intercountry Adoption (Honduras);

101.27 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the

Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (Iraq);

101.28 Ratify the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

(Afghanistan);

101.29 Adopt an open, merit-based selection process when selecting national

candidates for treaty body elections (United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland);

101.30 Ratify the ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No.

182) (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

101.31 Introduce in the Constitution the prohibition against discrimination

based on gender and on sexual orientation, at the same level as racial and

religious discrimination (France);

101.32 Finalize constitutional changes with an aim to strengthen the non-

discrimination clause on a gender and disability basis and take further steps

towards empowering them (Georgia);

101.33 That the current constitutional review seek to clarify the principle of

equality of women and men (Guyana);

101.34 Proceed with the establishment of an independent national human

rights institution, in compliance with the Paris Principles (Algeria);

101.35 Expedite the establishment of the national human rights institution in

compliance with the Paris Principles (Ghana) (Nepal) (Spain) (Turkey);

101.36 Take further steps in implementing the National Human Rights

Institution Act 2017 towards the full establishment of a national human rights

institution that is in full conformity with the Paris Principles (Indonesia);

101.37 Establish the national human rights institution in full compliance

with the Paris Principles (Portugal);

101.38 Accelerate its efforts in establishing the national human rights

institution in full compliance with the Paris Principles (Ukraine);

101.39 Establish an ombudsman as a mechanism for reception of complaints

on human rights violations by State agents (Philippines);

101.40 Establish a national mechanism for reporting and monitoring of its

human rights obligations (Honduras);

101.41 Make every effort to ensure appropriate mechanisms for monitoring

the implementation of the human rights national action plan for 2016 to 2020

(Jamaica);

101.42 Continue to resource and progress implementation of its action plan

to strengthen the implementation of its international human rights obligations

(New Zealand);

101.43 Consider the establishment or strengthening of the existing national

mechanism for coordination, implementation, reporting and follow-up, in line

with elements arising from good practices identified in the 2016 OHCHR guide

on national mechanisms for reporting and follow-up (Portugal);

101.44 Establish a special national body aimed at regular reporting on

measures taken by the national authorities in implementing the Human Rights

Council’s recommendations (Serbia);

101.45 Ensure an adequate institutional framework and the resources to

fully implement the Tuvalu National Human Rights Action Plan 2016–2020

(Singapore);

101.46 Consider the establishment and implementation of a national

mechanism for reporting and follow-up with a view to a constructive and

systematic cooperation with the human rights protection system of the United

Nations (Togo);

101.47 Allocate sufficient budget and human resources to fully implement

the Tuvalu National Human Rights Action Plan 2016–2020 (Philippines);

101.48 Continue efforts to promote human rights by strengthening the

national legislative framework (Morocco);

101.49 Adopt policy and legal measures to combat discrimination based on

sexual orientation and gender identity (Chile);

101.50 Repeal provisions of the penal code that criminalize adult consensual

same-sex sexual conduct (United States of America);

101.51 Review legislation and amend or repeal any law that discriminates on

the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, or any other ground, in

accordance with the principles of equality and non-discrimination (Uruguay);

101.52 Prohibit by law all forms of discrimination, particularly those based

on sex or disability (Algeria);

101.53 Amend or repeal all sex-related discriminatory legislation and

legislation criminalizing consensual same-sex relations to ensure consistency

with the principles of equality and non-discrimination (Australia);

101.54 Decriminalize consensual sexual relations between adults of the same

sex (Honduras);

101.55 Repeal all provisions that criminalize consensual same-sex conduct

and ensure that anti-discrimination laws cover sexual orientation (Iceland);

101.56 Repeal provisions of the Criminal Code that criminalize consensual

sexual relation between adults of the same sex (Spain);

101.57 Modify or repeal all laws that discriminate on the ground of sexual

orientation or gender identity pursuant to the principle of equality and non-

discrimination enshrined in international human rights law (Spain);

101.58 Consider repealing provisions that outlaw sexual relations between

consenting male adults (Italy);

101.59 Repeal all provisions that criminalize consensual same-sex conduct

and ensure that anti-discrimination laws cover sexual orientation (United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

101.60 Take measures as necessary to remove from the criminal code the

offence of consensual sexual relations between persons of the same sex

(Argentina);

101.61 Amend sections 153–155 of the Penal Code to decriminalize same-sex

conduct between consenting adults, as well as prohibit discrimination based on

sexual orientation and gender identity (Canada);

101.62 Accelerate efforts to incorporate into its legislation at all levels,

including at the constitutional level, provisions that prohibit discrimination

based on sex, gender and disability (Mexico);

101.63 Continue to take steps to actively promote the equal rights of all

individuals regardless of gender, religious belief, sexual orientation, age,

disability or other status, including by ratifying the International Covenant on

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (New Zealand);

101.64 Integrate principles of non-discrimination and equality of women and

men into education policies, the national core curriculum and related

documents, as well as into basic and continuing education for teachers and

health-care professionals and other service providers (Iceland) (Portugal);

101.65 Undertake further measures regarding the remaining key areas

where improvements need to be made, most notably in relation to vulnerable

groups of populations, in particular women, persons with disabilities and

children (Ukraine);

101.66 Repeal all discriminatory provisions included in the land code

(Congo);

101.67 Proceed with the implementation of the National Strategy for

Sustainable Development and the Tuvalu National Human Rights Action Plan

2016–2020 (Israel);

101.68 Strengthen the gender equality perspective in sustainable

development policies (Iraq);

101.69 Continue to implement climate change mitigation policies to avoid

impacts on the fundamental rights of Tuvaluans (Haiti);

101.70 Continue implementing policies and programmes aimed at the

mitigation of the effects of climate change, taking into consideration a focus on

human rights (Costa Rica);

101.71 Continue promoting in the international sphere the right to a healthy

environment, and the fight against climate change (Cuba);

101.72 Assess on a regular basis the impact of climate change and natural

disasters on the full enjoyment of human rights by the poor and low-income

population, with a view to supporting victims of such disasters (Ghana);

101.73 Periodically assess the impact of climate change and natural disasters

on the enjoyment of human rights by the poor and support efforts to build their

resilience to such disasters (Jamaica);

101.74 Redouble efforts with a view to formulating, in coordination with

regional organizations and the United Nations, a plan for the management and

mitigation of natural disasters that takes into consideration the situation of

migrant children and the potential massive displacement of the population

(Mexico);

101.75 That the Office of the People’s Lawyer could be strengthened with

the necessary financial, human and technical resources to enable effective

representation of those in need of legal aid (Guyana);

101.76 That measures could be taken to address perceived restrictions to the

freedom of religion (Guyana);

101.77 Take measures to fully guarantee freedom of religion or belief,

including by addressing concerns from minority religious groups over

limitations on their activities in the outer islands (Canada);

101.78 Ensure the meaningful participation of all citizens of Tuvalu

dispersed in the archipelago in the current process of constitutional revision

(Honduras);

101.79 Take the necessary measures to modernize Tuvalu’s maritime

infrastructure, with a view to creating better jobs in the formal sector (Haiti);

101.80 Develop initiatives aiming to guarantee access to water and sanitation

for all (France);

101.81 Pursue efforts to eradicate poverty (Senegal);

101.82 Explore all appropriate options to improve access to affordable and

adequate health care for citizens on the outer islands, particularly women

(Jamaica);

101.83 Strengthen human and financial resources of health-care services to

enable them to better serve disadvantaged segments of the population

(Senegal);

101.84 Introduce new dietary practices to reduce obesity (Haiti);

101.85 Assign human and financial resources in order to strengthen

universal access to sexual and reproductive health services, in particular for

women and girls on the outer islands, who are not adequately equipped, with

trained midwives and nurses to attend to maternal health and attend to the

complications of deliveries (Honduras);

101.86 Continue to make efforts to guarantee the right to the enjoyment of

the highest attainable standard of health, particularly by ensuring access to

health services to all persons living in the country, particularly by installing

health centres on the outer islands (Brazil);

101.87 Improve health-care infrastructure, access to emergency obstetric

care, midwife training, and resources devoted to maternal health (Ghana);

101.88 Continue strengthening the programmes and social policies in the

areas of education, health and food, paying special attention to the sectors of

the population that are most in need (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

101.89 Continue strengthening programmes to promote employment and

assistance for vulnerable groups in the fight against poverty and social

exclusion (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

101.90 That the right to education should be treated similarly to other rights

in the Constitution (Guyana);

101.91 Redouble efforts to increase the quality of education and guarantee

the right to education for all, without exclusion (Haiti);

101.92 Step up the efforts to improve education infrastructure, in particular

basic sanitary facilities (Republic of Korea);

101.93 Reform the Penal Code to criminalize marital rape and continue to

address customs and social patterns that perpetuate discrimination against

women and girls (Canada);

101.94 Adopt comprehensive measures, including legislative measures, to

prevent and address all forms of violence against women and girls, including

sexual violence (Uruguay);

101.95 Adopt comprehensive legislative measures to prevent and address all

forms of violence against women and girls, and ensure that victims of violence

have access to means of redress and protection, and perpetrators are brought

to account (Republic of Korea);

101.96 Adopt legislative and other measures to prevent and combat all forms

of violence against women and girls, including domestic and sexual violence

(Spain);

101.97 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health services for

all women and girls (Uruguay);

101.98 Prioritize the full implementation of the Family Protection and

Domestic Violence Act of 2014, including by ensuring that women and girl

survivors of violence have access to effective means of redress and protection

and by raising societal awareness about the content of the Act (Netherlands);

101.99 Implement the measures identified in the human rights national

action plan to address violence against women, including through community

education, police training and stronger recording processes (Australia);

101.100 Develop a comprehensive strategy to reduce violence against women,

including domestic violence, particularly on the outer islands, by enhancing

women’s awareness of their rights and identifying ways to combat such

violence (Turkey);

101.101 Take advantage of the new electoral law to work towards increased

participation of women in politics (France);

101.102 Promote equality and empowerment of women, particularly in

regard to hereditary and custody rights, and strengthen measures against

domestic violence (Germany);

101.103 Take further measures to protect women and children against all

forms of violence (Italy);

101.104 Ensure efficient follow-up to the recommendations given by the

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (Israel);

101.105 Take effective measures to promote gender equality and women’s

empowerment (Nepal);

101.106 Review and subsequently amend or repeal legislation entailing

gender-based discrimination, including provisions in the Penal Code 1978 and

the Marriage Act (Netherlands);

101.107 Amend the Penal Code and the Family Protection and Domestic

Violence Act in order to criminalize rape in all circumstances (Portugal);

101.108 Ensure that a gender perspective is integrated into all climate change

and disaster risk reduction policies, bearing in mind that disasters not only

disproportionately affect women and girls but also exacerbate existing

economic and social inequality across gender (Republic of Korea);

101.109 Continue to fight all forms of discrimination, in particular against

women (Senegal);

101.110 Fully implement the Family Protection and Domestic Violence Act

2014, with the necessary technical assistance of the relevant United Nations

agencies such as the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the

Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) and UNDP where appropriate,

expeditiously operationalize the Family Protection Fund, and dedicate the

necessary resources to ensure that the family protection and domestic violence

baseline study conducted by the office of the Attorney General is

comprehensive so as to strengthen the ongoing work to eliminate violence

against women in Tuvalu (Singapore);

101.111 Work towards the implementation of the women, peace and security

agenda in order to guarantee effective participation of women in all aspects of

decision-making (Spain);

101.112 Repeal all discriminatory laws against women which are contrary to

the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination against Women, in particular inequality in access to property

rights and the underrepresentation of women in public and political life (Togo);

101.113 Take steps necessary to do away with patriarchal and gender-based

stereotypes, which lead to perpetuation of discrimination against women

(Argentina);

101.114 Prohibit corporal punishment for disciplining children both at home

and in any other area of the society (Uruguay);

101.115 Adopt public policies aiming at the eradication of violence against

children, including legal measures to prohibit corporal punishment both in

school and in the family (Chile);

101.116 Criminalize child pornography and ensure the law criminally

prohibits: procuring, offering, providing, obtaining or using children for

prostitution and/or for the production of pornography, or other illicit activities,

as well as prohibits the distribution, dissemination, sale and possession of child

pornography (United States of America);

101.117 Step up efforts to reduce the mortality rate among children under 5

(Congo);

101.118 That the legislation be amended to ensure equal rights for both

parents for children born out of wedlock (Guyana);

101.119 Make further efforts to register all children born on all islands

(Haiti);

101.120 Continue its efforts in strengthening the capacity of the Tuvalu Police

Force and the Office of the Attorney General in applying child-sensitive justice

procedures (Indonesia);

101.121 Continue to work towards the abolition of corporal punishment in all

settings, and that awareness-raising campaigns about the negative impact of

corporal punishment on the development of children are undertaken (Ireland);

101.122 Continue to strengthen legislative measures by remedying protection

gaps to protect all children from both violence and abuse, as recommended by

the Committee on the Rights of the Child (Maldives);

101.123 Adopt legislative measures to fully align the juvenile justice system

with the relevant international standards, including by repealing the provisions

that allow corporal punishment (Mexico);

101.124 Adopt a comprehensive child policy based on the principles and

provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Togo);

101.125 Continue efforts to promote and protect the rights of children and

persons with disabilities (Nepal);

101.126 Take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify or

abolish existing laws, regulations, customs and practices that constitute

discrimination against persons with disabilities (United States of America);

101.127 Explore all appropriate options to advance the rights of persons with

disabilities, building on existing platforms and with appropriate assistance

from the international community (Jamaica).

102. All conclusions and/or recommendations contained in the present report reflect

the position of the submitting State(s) and/or the State under review. They should not

be construed as endorsed by the Working Group as a whole.

Annex

Composition of the delegation

The delegation of Tuvalu was headed by The Right Honourable Enele Sosene

Sopoaga, Prime Minister of the Government of Tuvalu and composed of the following

members:

• Madame Salilo Enele Sopoaga, Prime Minister’s Spouse, Observer;

• H.E. Aunese Makoi Simati, Ambassador to Belgium;

• H.E. Samuelu Laloniu, Permanent Representative to the United Nations;

• Ms. Laingane Italeli Talia, Acting Attorney General;

• Mr. Filipo Masaurua, Technical Advisor;

• Mr. Efren Jogia, Senior Crown Counsel;

• Ms. Melissa Menefise Ako, Crown Counsel;

• Ms. Teresa Drecala, Child Protection Manager;

• Ms. Solonaima Fioiata Vaguna, Professional Assistant;

• Ms. Loisi Seluka Kenieti, Acting Assistant Secretary for Finance;

• Ms. Lanuola Fasiai, Acting Director for Gender Affairs Department;

• Mr. Soseala Tinilau, Director of Environment;

• Ms. Pepetua Election Latasi, Director of Climate Change and Disaster Unit;

• Mr. Penivao Penete, PM’s Bodyguard.