40/11 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Malaysia

GE.19-00174(E)



Human Rights Council Fortieth session

25 February–22 March 2019

Agenda item 6

Universal periodic review

Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review*

Malaysia

* The annex is being circulated without formal editing, in the language of submission only.

United Nations A/HRC/40/11

Introduction

1. The Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, established in accordance

with Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, held its thirty-first session from 5 to 16

November 2018. The review of Malaysia was held at the 8th meeting, on 8 November

2018. The delegation of Malaysia was headed by the Secretary-General of the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs, Dato’ Seri Ramlan Ibrahim. At its 14th meeting, held on 13 November

2018, the Working Group adopted the report on Malaysia.

2. On 10 January 2018, the Human Rights Council selected the following group of

rapporteurs (troika) to facilitate the review of Malaysia: Cuba, Nepal and South Africa.

3. In accordance with paragraph 15 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution

5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21, the following documents

were issued for the review of Malaysia:

(a) A national report submitted/written presentation made in accordance with

paragraph 15 (a) (A/HRC/WG.6/31/MYS/1);

(b) A compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in accordance with paragraph 15 (b)

(A/HRC/WG.6/31/MYS/2);

(c) A summary prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (c)

(A/HRC/WG.6/31/MYS/3).

4. A list of questions prepared in advance by Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Germany,

Liechtenstein, Portugal, on behalf of the Group of Friends on national implementation,

reporting and follow-up, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain

and Northern Ireland was transmitted to Malaysia through the troika. These questions are

available on the website of the universal periodic review.

I. Summary of the proceedings of the review process

A. Presentation by the State under review

5. The head of delegation highlighted the fact that Malaysia had undergone an

unprecedented and peaceful transition of power through its recent general elections. A

renewed focus on human rights would be firmly espoused at home and in Malaysia’s

international engagement. To that end, the theme for the opening statement was related to

“Embracing Change”.

6. Since the elections, the Government had placed greater importance and emphasis on

cooperating constructively with the relevant stakeholders, including civil society and the

national human rights institution, the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia. The national

report had been prepared in close consultation with those stakeholders.

7. Malaysia was committed to acceding to the remaining six international human rights

instruments and was considering accession to the Rome Statute of the International

Criminal Court. Extensive deliberations with stakeholders were already under way.

Furthermore, Malaysia had agreed to the requests for country visits by the special

procedure mandate holders during the reporting cycle.

8. The decision to abolish the death penalty and to introduce a moratorium on all

pending sentences had proven to be a new narrative on human rights. To safeguard freedom

of expression and speech, the Government was working to repeal the Anti-Fake News Act

and the Sedition Act. Malaysia had established a special committee to review the provisions

of other laws, namely the Printing Presses and Publications Act and the Communications

and Multimedia Act.

9. In the interests of creating a more vibrant and mature democracy, Malaysia had

revamped weak institutions and lowered the voting age to 18 years. As part of that change,

the Election Commission was composed of civil society representatives, with transparency

and accountability at the heart of that arrangement.

10. The independence of the judiciary was extremely important; questionable

appointments belonged to the past.

11. Steps were being taken to raise the socioeconomic standards of the population and to

carry out development programmes, providing infrastructure and utilities to help further

reduce the poverty gap. The quality of life of the indigenous people had been elevated

through income-generating activities, providing modern infrastructure in traditional

settlements, education opportunities and medical assistance.

12. Rural community centres had been established all over Malaysia. In Sarawak, all of

those facilities had been built at strategic locations in remote areas, including for the Penan

community. All the centres provided basic and essential facilities to implement

programmes by government agencies in a coordinated manner.

13. As for the rights of women and children, Malaysia stated that it had spared no efforts

to ensure the best interests of the child. In that regard, the Government had been working

towards ensuring the emotional and mental growth and safety of children. Moreover, the

state Chief Ministers, along with the Government, had agreed to set the minimum

marriageable age at 18 years, and had adopted a new policy to provide access to birth

registration, regardless of the child’s nationality or the legal status of their parents. The

National Policy on Women had also been updated. The 30 per cent target related to

women’s representation in decision-making positions had been exceeded.

14. Regarding the rights of persons with disabilities, Malaysia had shifted towards a

rights-based approach. Under its eleventh Malaysia Plan, it would create a friendly physical

environment and enhance training for persons with disabilities.

15. The recently increased minimum wage was also applicable to foreign workers, and

was periodically reviewed at regular intervals. Although Malaysia was not a State party to

the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the Government had been continuously

working with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR). Malaysia hosted around 160,000 persons of concern.

16. The Government had provided access to health care and education for those in

possession of a UNHCR card. Additionally, in cooperation with UNHCR, it had established

a joint task force to address migration management issues.

17. The National Human Rights Action Plan had been launched and would be reviewed

periodically. The annual report of the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia would be

debated in both houses of Parliament, a parliamentary committee would be responsible for

appointing commissioners to preserve the Commission’s independence.

18. At the regional level, the Government had pledged to enhance the capacity of the

Office of the Malaysian Representative to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations

(ASEAN) Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights. The appointment of a new

representative to that body would be held in an open and transparent manner.

19. Malaysia was proud to announce key steps it would take within the third universal

periodic review cycle and beyond. The Government had taken a fresh look at the

recommendations it had previously noted, and it believed that there was room for progress

in that area. It would conduct half-yearly reviews to examine the progress in implementing

the recommendations of the universal periodic review. To that end, it would be working

closely with the main stakeholders from the public sector and civil society organizations. A

working group would be developing a cross-cutting database, encompassing

recommendations from the international human rights system and the Sustainable

Development Goals. With the direct involvement of the Human Rights Commission of

Malaysia, the United Nations country team and civil society organizations, it would help to

evaluate the country’s human rights performance.

B. Interactive dialogue and responses by the State under review

20. During the interactive dialogue, 111 delegations made statements.

Recommendations made during the dialogue are to be found in section II of the present

report.

21. Slovakia noted that Malaysian legislation allowed for some restriction of freedom of

expression beyond international human rights standards.

22. Slovenia was concerned that child marriages continued to be permitted and noted

efforts to deal with the issue.

23. South Africa commended Malaysia for its readiness to assist other countries to

strengthen their governance capacity.

24. Spain made recommendations.

25. Sri Lanka noted the launch of the National Human Rights Action Plan in March

2018.

26. The State of Palestine welcomed measures to promote the right to health, including

measures to ensure access to health care in remote areas.

27. The Sudan commended efforts to advance values of moderation, tolerance and

mutual respect between and among societies.

28. Sweden congratulated Malaysia on its ambitious human rights agenda and

emphasized the need for continued efforts.

29. Switzerland welcomed the announcement to abolish the death penalty.

30. The Syrian Arab Republic made recommendations.

31. Thailand welcomed ongoing efforts to draft a gender equality bill and combat

human trafficking.

32. Tunisia made recommendations.

33. Turkey appreciated the pledge made by Malaysia to ratify all core United Nations

human rights instruments and positively noted the decision to repeal the Anti-Fake News

Act.

34. Turkmenistan proposed that Malaysia support the rights of persons with disabilities,

secure economic, social and cultural rights, implement the National Human Rights Action

Plan on the advancement of women and align its legislation with human rights principles.

35. Ukraine acknowledged the launch of the National Human Rights Action Plan and

recent moves to completely abolish capital punishment.

36. The United Arab Emirates noted progress on enhancing women’s rights and

equality.

37. The United Kingdom welcomed the intention to repeal the Sedition Act and urged

the fostering of a more inclusive society that protects the rights of all its citizens.

38. The United States of America was concerned about discrimination and exploitation

faced by migrant workers, indigenous peoples, refugees and lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender and intersex persons.

39. Uruguay commended the measures taken to bolster the labour rights of women and

to improve their living standards, urging for full gender equality.

40. Uzbekistan welcomed the establishment of the Women’s Advisory and Consultative

Council.

41. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela welcomed programmes enhancing interaction

between sectors of society and religious groups and respect among faith groups.

42. Viet Nam commended the achievements in health coverage and access to health-care

services, especially for migrant workers.

43. Yemen commended the adoption of an economic and development plan focusing on

improving standards of living and health care.

44. Afghanistan commended efforts regarding women’s empowerment in decision-

making positions in the public sector and regarding human rights education programmes.

45. Albania welcomed efforts to reduce extreme poverty and on literacy, and

congratulated Malaysia on its decision to abolish the death penalty.

46. Algeria welcomed the moratorium on the death penalty, efforts to fight poverty and

the creation of institutions for the protection of women and children.

47. Angola made recommendations.

48. Argentina urged the abolishment of the death penalty.

49. Australia welcomed the announcements to abolish the death penalty and the review

of the minimum age of marriage.

50. Austria commended the pledges to ratify the remaining core human rights treaties

and to abolish the death penalty.

51. Azerbaijan appreciated the measures to empower women in line with the national

policy on women and the action plan for the advancement of women.

52. Bahrain applauded the Child Care and Child Protection Unit and the career

programme for integrating people with special needs into society.

53. Bangladesh commended progress in poverty eradication, the empowerment of

women, adequate housing, the rights of indigenous people and legislative reforms.

54. Belarus welcomed efforts to eliminate poverty and improve living standards, and

noted measures to improve social security and access to health and education.

55. Belgium welcomed the announcement to abolish the death penalty.

56. Benin welcomed the measures and initiatives to improve the situation of women in

education, health and the economy.

57. Bhutan noted judicial reforms, poverty eradication and improving accessibility to

health care.

58. The Plurinational State of Bolivia welcomed the work of the committee studying the

viability of accession to core international human rights instruments.

59. Brazil appreciated the interest in acceding to core human rights instruments and the

establishment of a moratorium on the death penalty.

60. Brunei Darussalam appreciated measures to improve access to and the quality of

maternal and child health services.

61. Cambodia commended Malaysia’s achievements in poverty reduction, economic

development, the promotion of sociocultural rights and women’s progress in several areas.

62. Cameroon appreciated the pledge made by Malaysia to ratify all remaining core

United Nations human rights instruments.

63. Canada commended Malaysia’s commitment to repeal and amend laws limiting

freedom of expression and to abolish the death penalty.

64. Chad made recommendations.

65. Chile was concerned about discrimination against migrant children and lesbian, gay,

bisexual, transgender and intersex persons.

66. China welcomed Malaysia’s efforts to attain sustainable development and to protect

the rights of women, children and persons with disabilities.

67. The Comoros appreciated efforts to combat poverty and welcomed initiatives to

empower women.

68. Côte d’Ivoire welcomed efforts to strengthen the legal protection of women against

gender-based violence.

69. Croatia welcomed the plans to abolish the death penalty and to halt all pending

capital punishments.

70. Cuba highlighted efforts to improve the quality of and access to education and health

care and efforts to combat communicable diseases.

71. The delegation of Malaysia stated that the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 had recently

been amended to remove the mandatory death penalty for drug-trafficking offences. The

Government had taken the initiative to abolish the death penalty regarding other laws that

prescribed such punishment. That would necessitate parliamentary action.

72. Malaysia stated that the Prevention of Crime Act and the Prevention of Terrorism

Act were not arbitrarily used against any person or group, and that no person would be

arrested or detained solely for his or her political belief or political activity. A number of

safeguards protected the rights of detainees, such as the requirement to immediately notify

the detainee’s next of kin, the right to file a writ of habeas corpus and the right to make

representations to the Advisory Board. Various measures had been put in place to protect

the rights of detained minors.

73. The Peaceful Assembly Act had been enacted to promote freedom of assembly, and

the Government was considering the possibility of amending it to strengthen the right to

freedom of assembly. Freedom of expression was guaranteed by the Constitution. However,

the Constitution also provided for the control of activities that might impinge upon the

rights of other citizens.

74. Malaysia strictly prohibited any form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment by

law enforcement agencies, as stated in their standing orders, standard operating procedures

and guidelines. Any investigation or interrogation was conducted with strict adherence to

those orders and procedures. The Integrity and Standards Compliance Department had been

established within the Royal Police. Malaysia had been applying the United Nations

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners.

75. The Government had amended its Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling

of Migrants Act to protect victims and was revising its law to curb forced labour. Malaysia

had taken the decision to do away with outsourcing companies to reduce the risk of

trafficking by employment agencies.

76. The Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development had been providing

shelter for victims of trafficking. They had been provided with adequate care and services

in line with international standards and best practices.

77. The Government had established the Counter-Messaging Centre to fight terrorism

narratives online, and was developing the National Action Plan to Prevent Violent

Extremism.

78. The Government was committed to eliminating discrimination against women. To

that end, the draft proposal of the gender equality bill was elaborated and the study on

sexual harassment would be concluded by February 2019. Malaysia aimed to raise

awareness and improve the effectiveness of implementing sexual and reproductive health

education.

79. Female circumcision on babies was allowed as a part of a cultural obligation,

whereas Malaysia objected to and did not practise female genital mutilation.

80. The Government had tabled a motion to increase the minimum age of marriage in

relevant legislation concerning Muslim, non-Muslim and customary laws.

81. The establishment of community-based rehabilitation centres, industrial training and

rehabilitation centres and independent living centres and the improvement of access to

public transportation were among the measures that had been taken for persons with

disabilities. The Government emphasized the concept of an inclusive, barrier-free and

rights-based society.

82. Cyprus acknowledged the efforts against human trafficking and to promote religious

tolerance.

83. Czechia congratulated Malaysia on its initiative to end the practice of the death

penalty and looked forward to its complete abolition.

84. Denmark made recommendations.

85. Djibouti welcomed the sustainable development efforts due to a balanced

development of rural and urban areas.

86. Ecuador highlighted efforts to reduce poverty and income inequality.

87. Georgia encouraged Malaysia to continue its active engagement with the special

procedures.

88. Fiji commended Malaysia for its pledge to accede to international human rights

instruments.

89. Finland welcomed the invitation to the Special Rapporteur on the rights of

indigenous peoples to visit in 2019.

90. France welcomed the recent announcement of a moratorium on the death penalty

with a view to its abolition.

91. Gabon welcomed initiatives aimed at reducing poverty and empowering women.

92. Egypt commended the Government’s efforts to enhance diversity in society and

interreligious harmony and tolerance.

93. Germany commended the decision to abolish the death penalty and the directive to

all state governments to set the legal minimum age for marriage at 18 years.

94. Ghana welcomed the launch of the National Human Rights Action Plan and

welcomed the interministerial discussions on possible accession to the Convention against

Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.

95. Greece welcomed the pledges made to ratify various international human rights

instruments and commended the decision to abolish the death penalty.

96. Haiti made recommendations.

97. Honduras made recommendations.

98. Hungary commended Malaysia for its work on reducing absolute poverty and

improving access to health care.

99. Iceland appreciated the announcement on a moratorium on executions and the

abolition of the death penalty.

100. India appreciated the measures taken by Malaysia in the areas of income inequality,

access to health care, adequate housing and quality education.

101. Indonesia welcomed the progress in drafting a gender equality bill.

102. Pakistan appreciated efforts for the empowerment of women and for gender equality

and commended the increase of women holding decision-making positions in the public

sector.

103. Iraq welcomed the efforts made in the areas of poverty, housing and education for

all.

104. Ireland encouraged Malaysia to make progress in the area of lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender and intersex rights and noted with concern the continued criminalization of

same-sex relationships.

105. Italy commended the amendment to the Dangerous Drugs Act, abolishing the

mandatory death penalty for drug trafficking.

106. Japan welcomed the amendment of the Domestic Violence Act and other measures

aimed at protecting women from gender-based violence.

107. Jordan made recommendations.

108. Kazakhstan noted the adoption of the National Human Rights Action Plan, the

efforts to combat human trafficking and the implementation of programmes for the

empowerment of women.

109. Kenya made recommendations.

110. Kuwait made recommendations.

111. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic commended Malaysia for, inter alia, its

poverty eradication programme and the establishment of the Women’s Advisory and

Consultative Council.

112. Latvia welcomed the measures taken to enhance the legal protection of women from

gender-based violence and to end discrimination against women in marriage and the family.

113. Lebanon welcomed legislative measures taken, including amendments to the

electoral law.

114. Libya praised the efforts to protect minorities, strengthen the judicial system and

improve living standards.

115. Lithuania welcomed the decision to abolish the death penalty.

116. Madagascar welcomed legislative amendments to strengthen the legal protection of

women against violence.

117. Maldives welcomed the establishment of a Women’s Advisory and Consultative

Council and empowerment programmes for vulnerable women.

118. Mauritania welcomed measures to improve social integration and access to health

care, social services and housing.

119. Mauritius recognized initiatives and programmes on poverty alleviation and access

to health care and quality education.

120. Mexico commended the substitution of death sentences and the amendments to the

law on dangerous drugs.

121. Montenegro welcomed the strengthening of interreligious and interracial dialogue

and urged Malaysia to ensure equal opportunities for men and women in all areas and to

eradicate child marriages.

122. Morocco congratulated Malaysia on lowering the voting age to 18 years for

Malaysian citizens and welcomed the launch of the National Human Rights Action Plan.

123. Myanmar noted the efforts on the empowerment of women and the protection of the

rights of children.

124. Nepal was encouraged by the imposition of a moratorium on the death penalty and

appreciated efforts towards gender parity and the empowerment of women.

125. The Netherlands complimented Malaysia for steps taken to abolish the death penalty

and welcomed the Government’s intention to accede to the six international human rights

treaties and relevant protocols without reservations.

126. Nigeria welcomed efforts made by Malaysia to enhance the well-being of its people

aimed at achieving sustainable development.

127. Norway noted the Government’s intention to improve the human rights situation in

Malaysia.

128. Oman commended the accession of Malaysia to the Optional Protocols to the

Convention on the Rights of the Child.

129. The Islamic Republic of Iran encouraged Malaysia to redouble its efforts in

combating human trafficking.

130. Paraguay urged Malaysia to continue bringing its legislation into line with

international standards, and expressed concern about female genital mutilation.

131. Peru applauded the programmes to strengthen the interaction between religions and

to promote respect between ethnic and religious groups.

132. The Philippines welcomed the Government Transformation Programme and efforts

to promote human rights education and training.

133. Portugal made recommendations.

134. Qatar welcomed the adoption of a national framework for human rights and

measures taken to facilitate access to education.

135. The Republic of Korea appreciated the efforts to protect and promote the rights of

women and children.

136. The Republic of Moldova commended the decision to abolish the death penalty and

the cooperation with the special procedures.

137. Romania acknowledged the removal of a mandatory death sentence for drug

offences and the recent introduction of a moratorium on executions.

138. The Russian Federation noted measures to integrate human rights education in

schools and to promote interfaith and inter-ethnic tolerance and dialogue.

139. Saudi Arabia welcomed the efforts made by Malaysia to eradicate poverty,

especially the extension of the Poverty Reduction Programme to cover low-income

families.

140. Senegal congratulated Malaysia on its programme to foster interactions between

races and religions and for ensuring greater respect for different religions and ethnic

groups.

141. Serbia welcomed the recognition by Malaysia of the need to continuously monitor

and track the implementation of accepted recommendations.

142. Singapore commended the efforts made by Malaysia to achieve sustainable

development and acknowledged its progress in advancing the rights of women and girls.

143. The delegation of Malaysia highlighted that the doctrine of judicial precedent was

actively applied and mentioned the decision of the Federal Court, in the case of Indira

Gandhi a/p Mutho, that the consent of both parents is required before a certificate of

conversion to Islam can be issued in respect of a child.

144. Malaysia was considered to be a country of destination, with more than 1.5 million

documented foreign workers. On workers’ rights, several initiatives had been taken

regarding the management of foreign workers, including a proposal to establish a single

online application system for foreign workers.

145. Malaysia viewed forced labour and child labour as serious crimes, and conceded that

they remain prevalent, albeit sporadic, in plantations. Together with the International

Labour Organization (ILO), Malaysia was developing a strategic compliance planning

method for labour inspection.

146. The Government had amended the Private Employment Agencies Act 2017 in order

to better regulate the recruitment and placement activities of private employment agencies.

147. The Sarawak Land Code had been amended to legally recognize the rights of the

indigenous people over their native territorial domain. A moratorium had been imposed on

approving the use of State land for new oil palm plantations. The lives of members of the

Penan community had been gradually improved through livelihood restoration

programmes. Another three development agencies had been established to spearhead the

socioeconomic development of indigenous populations in remote areas.

148. Malaysia underscored that it was committed to improving the well-being of rural

communities, including the Orang Asli (Aboriginal People) in Peninsular Malaysia and the

indigenous people in Sabah and Sarawak. It had implemented economic development

programmes for the Orang Asli in areas such as agriculture, fishing, entrepreneurship and

human capital development. The Government had initiated a constructive dialogue with

representatives of the Aboriginal People’s community over the issue of land rights.

Malaysia had focused efforts on improving the well-being of rural women and increasing

literacy levels in rural and remote areas.

149. Malaysia was revising the policy on compulsory education from 6 to 11 years of

schooling to encourage more pupils to complete their schooling with secondary-level

certification. It had embarked on a comprehensive transformation of education through the

implementation of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013–2025, aligned to the Sustainable

Development Goals and the eleventh Malaysia Plan. Malaysia had introduced measures to

narrow the rural-urban gap and had provided school assistance, in particular to students

from lower-income families and to those with special needs. A policy for alternative

education had been established to enable non-citizen children without proper

documentation to access education. Furthermore, Malaysia was reviewing corporal

punishment under the Education Regulations (Pupil Discipline) 2018.

150. The head of delegation appreciated the opportunity to engage with the international

community in a constructive manner within the universal periodic review.

II. Conclusions and/or recommendations

151. The following recommendations will be examined by Malaysia, which will

provide responses in due time, but no later than the fortieth session of the Human

Rights Council:

151.1 Ratify the remaining core international human rights treaties and

ensure their proper implementation (Republic of Moldova); Finalize the

ratification of and accession to outstanding core human rights instruments

(South Africa); Advance in the ratification, accession and adhesion to the basic,

core human rights treaties, as mentioned by the delegation (Spain); Expedite

the ratification and implementation of the remaining six international human

rights instruments, thereby publicly indicating the Government’s commitment

to human rights (Cyprus); Take steps to accede to the core international

conventions on human rights and fundamental freedoms to which Malaysia is

not yet a party (Italy); Ratify the remaining core international human rights

treaties (Lithuania); Ratify and implement all remaining core human rights

treaties (Norway);

151.2 Expedite the ratification of the main international legal instruments

on human rights to ensure greater protection of the rights of the most

vulnerable population (Angola);

151.3 Ratify key human rights treaties without reservations and take all the

necessary actions to this end without delay (Finland);

151.4 Ratify without reservations the core international human rights

instruments as well as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

(France);

151.5 Continue efforts to accede to international treaties related to civil,

political and cultural rights (Iraq);

151.6 Accelerate the process of ratification of the key international human

rights instruments (Kazakhstan);

151.7 Strengthen its human rights framework, in particular by fulfilling its

pledge to ratify core United Nations human rights instruments, such as the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International

Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention against

Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination, and the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

(Republic of Korea);

151.8 Continue the efforts of adhering to international legal instruments in

the field of human rights, inter alia the International Covenant on Civil and

Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms

of Racial Discrimination and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal

Court (Romania);

151.9 Speed up its deliberations on the signature and ratification of the

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading

Treatment or Punishment, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and

Cultural Rights and the International Convention on the Protection of the

Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Turkey);

151.10 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination and the International Convention against Torture (United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

151.11 Adopt measures to adhere to the different international instruments

related to human rights, especially the international covenants and their

optional protocols (Uruguay);

151.12 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the

Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention

against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or

Punishment (Belgium); Join the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading

Treatment or Punishment (Benin); Ratify the International Covenant on Civil

and Political rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and

Cultural Rights and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,

Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, as previously recommended

(Switzerland);

151.13 Set a clear time frame for the ratification, without reservation, of the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International

Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention against

Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,

all other core international human rights treaties including their optional

protocols, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Czechia);

151.14 Ratify or accede to the human rights instruments to which it is not

yet a party, in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

Rights (Honduras);

151.15 Join the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman

or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Hungary);

151.16 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination (Kenya);

151.17 Consider early ratification of core international human rights

instruments, particularly the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

Rights (Nepal);

151.18 Ratify the main human rights instruments, including the

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International

Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Paraguay);

151.19 Sign and ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights, bring its national law on communication and media into conformity

with international human rights law and refrain from judicial and

administrative harassment of journalists and human rights defenders

(Slovakia);

151.20 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(Albania);

151.21 Promptly ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights and the Convention against Torture (Australia);

151.22 Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and

the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Côte

d’Ivoire);

151.23 Consider acceding to the International Covenant on Civil and

Political Rights and the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees before

the next review of the country by this Working Group (Greece);

151.24 Continue exploring possibilities to extend its international

commitments, in particular consider ratification of the International Covenant

on Civil and Political Rights and the Rome Statute of the International

Criminal Court, as previously recommended (Latvia);

151.25 Take more effective measures for securing economic, social and

cultural rights by acceding to the International Covenant on Economic, Social

and Cultural Rights (Myanmar);

151.26 Move forward towards the ratification of the Convention against

Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

(Chile);

151.27 Ratify the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or

Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Denmark) (Montenegro);

151.28 Accede at the earliest possible date to the Convention against Torture

and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Fiji);

151.29 Speed up the discussion on accession to the Convention against

Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,

and accede to the Convention as soon as possible (Ghana);

151.30 Complete, as soon as possible, the necessary internal steps in order to

ratify the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading

Treatment or Punishment (Greece);

151.31 Consider ratifying core international human rights treaties to which

it is not yet a party, including the International Convention on the Protection of

the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

(Philippines);

151.32 Accede to the International Convention on the Protection of the

Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading

Treatment or Punishment (Sri Lanka);

151.33 Ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of

All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the ILO Indigenous

and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) (Honduras);

151.34 Adopt more robust measures to protect the rights of migrant workers

and members of their families, including by acceding to the International

Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and

Members of Their Families (Indonesia);

151.35 Ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons

from Enforced Disappearance as early as possible (Japan);

151.36 Sign and ratify the Optional Protocols to the Convention on the

Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of Persons

with Disabilities (Mexico);

151.37 Ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on

Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

(Montenegro);

151.38 Withdraw its reservations to the Convention on the Elimination of

All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of

the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which

are instrumental to promoting greater respect for the rights of women, children

and persons with disabilities (Turkey);

151.39 Withdraw all reservations to the Convention on the Elimination of

All Forms of Discrimination against Women and abandon discriminatory laws

against all women regardless of their ethnic or religious background (Norway);

151.40 Consider accession to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of

Refugees (Afghanistan);

151.41 Proceed to the signing of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status

of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (Spain);

151.42 Take immediate legislative or administrative measures, including

ratifying the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967

Protocol, to provide legal status to refugees and asylum seekers to allow them to

reside, work and access education and health care in Malaysia (Canada);

151.43 Ratify the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and

take steps to resolve the conflicts of competence between civil and sharia courts,

with a view to fully protecting human rights, as previously recommended

(Austria);

151.44 Become a party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal

Court (Netherlands);

151.45 Ratify the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the

Diversity of Cultural Expressions (Comoros);

151.46 Consider ratifying the Convention against Discrimination in

Education (Peru);

151.47 Create a national mechanism for implementation, reporting and

follow-up of the recommendations from the universal periodic review

(Portugal);

151.48 Consider issuing a standing invitation to all special procedures of the

Human Rights Council (Republic of Moldova); Extend an open invitation to all

special procedures of the Human Rights Council (Ukraine); Extend an open

standing invitation to the special procedure mandate holders (Paraguay);

151.49 Respond positively to the pending visit requests by the special

procedure mandate holders of the Human Rights Council and consider the

extension of a standing invitation to all the special procedure mandate holders,

as previously recommended (Latvia);

151.50 Continue taking measures to implement the accepted

recommendations of the universal periodic review (Bolivarian Republic of

Venezuela);

151.51 Continue taking measures to implement universal periodic review

recommendations (Cameroon);

151.52 Continue cooperation with the United Nations mechanisms for the

promotion and protection of human rights (Brunei Darussalam);

151.53 Continue to cooperate with treaty bodies and special procedure

mandate holders (Chad);

151.54 Maintain its constructive dialogue and cooperation with the

international community in the field of human rights (Cuba);

151.55 Approve a broad anti-discrimination law that includes the protection

of all rights for all people without discrimination (Uruguay);

151.56 Prioritize the early submission of anti-discrimination legislation to

Parliament (Australia);

151.57 Continue efforts aimed at nation-building strategies and the

development of a solid legislative, administrative and policy framework,

notably to cater for the needs of the vulnerable groups (South Africa);

151.58 Continue with its efforts to strengthen domestic legislation to bring it

into compliance with international obligations (Bhutan);

151.59 Incorporate in its legislation a definition of discrimination against

women in conformity with article 1 of the Convention on the Elimination of All

Forms of Discrimination against Women (Chile);

151.60 Take effective measures to ensure that civil law and sharia law are in

full compliance with the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All

Forms of Discrimination against Women at the local, state and federal levels

(Croatia);

151.61 Continue undertaking efforts in addressing human rights issues in an

institutionalized, systematic and holistic manner (Pakistan);

151.62 Take additional measures to strengthen education and training in the

area of respecting and protecting human rights (Egypt);

151.63 Continue strengthening respect for economic and social rights

(Egypt);

151.64 Continue its endeavours to promote human rights education and

training (Islamic Republic of Iran);

151.65 Continue training and capacity-building programmes aimed at

improving the skills and knowledge of health-care providers (Tunisia);

151.66 Strengthen human rights training at all levels of the Administration

and relevant agencies (France);

151.67 Continue efforts in maintaining social cohesion in the country (Viet

Nam);

151.68 Strengthen efforts to promote and protect the rights of women,

children, persons with disabilities and the elderly (Brunei Darussalam);

151.69 Continue promoting the rights of vulnerable groups and of

minorities, considering their specific needs and capabilities, empowering them

in their rights and through fair mechanisms for redress (Ecuador);

151.70 Guarantee the right of everyone to equal protection under the law, in

conformity with Malaysia’s international commitments (Iceland);

151.71 Continue to intensify efforts to prevent and combat disparities

against children belonging to vulnerable groups (Sudan);

151.72 Continue efforts towards strengthening community integration

through protecting cultural diversity (Iraq);

151.73 Continue its efforts to enhance the rule of law, to ensure respect for

human rights and fundamental freedoms and to eliminate all forms of

discrimination, in compliance with international standards (Italy);

151.74 Continue to support the issues of women, children and persons with

disabilities (Libya);

151.75 Continue to adopt measures to protect the rights of vulnerable

groups including persons with disabilities and minority groups in rural areas

(Maldives);

151.76 Continue and strengthen efforts in promoting the culture of mutual

respect and peaceful coexistence among different religious communities

(Cambodia);

151.77 Take the necessary measures to establish in its national legislation a

comprehensive legal framework for effective protection against discrimination

and violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons

(Argentina);

151.78 Take necessary measures to protect lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender and intersex persons, in law and in practice, against any form of

violence, harassment or discrimination and ensure the full enjoyment of all

their fundamental human rights and freedoms (Austria);

151.79 Review and repeal laws that directly or indirectly criminalize

consensual same-sex sexual activity and take action to prevent violence,

discrimination or corporal punishment on the basis of sexual orientation or

gender identity (Canada);

151.80 Decriminalize consensual sexual relations between adults of the same

sex (Chile);

151.81 Ensure respect for the fundamental rights of all, without

discrimination, including in relation to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and

intersex persons by decriminalizing homosexuality (France);

151.82 Repeal all legislation that discriminates on the basis of sexual

orientation or gender identity to guarantee that lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender and intersex persons can enjoy all human rights without facing

discrimination with regard to work, health, education, housing and other policy

(Germany);

151.83 Repeal all laws that criminalize persons based on their sexual

orientation and gender identity (Iceland);

151.84 Undertake efforts to guarantee and protect the human rights of

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons in line with

international obligations (Ireland);

151.85 Take concrete steps to protect lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and

intersex persons from discrimination and violence, including through the

enactment of explicit non-discrimination provisions in law, the development of

public awareness programmes, and allow for the recognition of the gender of

transsexual persons (Netherlands);

151.86 Intensify efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals

(Uzbekistan);

151.87 Consider including measures aimed at ensuring increased efficiency

and accountability of public service in its national development strategy

(Azerbaijan);

151.88 Continue to implement the national development plan and endeavour

to eliminate poverty and to achieve sustainable development (China);

151.89 Work on mainstreaming human rights in development planning and

the promotion of the right to development (Jordan);

151.90 Work seriously against extremist doctrines and groups which

constitute a fertile environment for terrorism (Syrian Arab Republic);

151.91 Establish a de facto moratorium on the death penalty with a view to

its abolition (Portugal);

151.92 Ensure the adoption of the necessary legislation to abolish the death

penalty in a timely manner (Republic of Moldova);

151.93 Continue to take steps for the abolishment of the death penalty and to

revise the cases of persons on death row (Romania);

151.94 Complete legislative efforts aimed at abolishing the death penalty

(Ukraine);

151.95 Establish a moratorium on the death penalty pending an act of

Parliament to abolish it (Albania);

151.96 Ensure early submission to Parliament of legislation abolishing the

death penalty and repealing the Sedition Act (Australia);

151.97 Continue with abolishing the death penalty and adopt a moratorium

on the execution of the death penalty (Spain);

151.98 Take further steps in limiting capital crimes with the aim of

abolishing the death penalty (Cyprus);

151.99 Intensify its efforts towards the abolition of the death penalty

(Georgia);

151.100 Immediately place a moratorium on the application of the death

penalty with a view to its complete abolition (Fiji);

151.101 Fully abolish the death penalty without delay (Finland);

151.102 Maintain the recent moratorium on executions and completely

abolish the death penalty (France);

151.103 Swiftly pass all necessary legislation to abolish the death penalty for

all criminal offences (Germany);

151.104 Consider the adoption of a moratorium on executions (Italy);

151.105 Improve and implement legislation for the complete abolishment of

the death penalty (Sweden);

151.106 Concretize the commitment of abolishing the death penalty as soon as

possible (Switzerland);

151.107 Abolish the death penalty (Norway);

151.108 Introduce a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the

death penalty (Paraguay);

151.109 Take further steps to eliminate all forms of cruel, inhuman or

degrading treatment or punishment, including the practice of whipping and

caning (Brazil);

151.110 Strengthen its national legislation with respect to the prevention of

torture and ill-treatment and the elimination of the practice of whipping and

caning (Czechia);

151.111 Abolish physical punishment, including caning and judicial beatings,

in the legal system, both civil and sharia (Denmark);

151.112 Abolish all forms of corporal punishment in the legal system and

withdraw its reservations to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in

particular article 37 on torture and deprivation of liberty (Sweden);

151.113 Include in the criminal law a clear definition of torture, consistent

with article 1 of the Convention against Torture (Paraguay);

151.114 Conduct systematically an independent and impartial investigation

into allegations of human rights violations in prisons, with a view to putting an

end to reported practices of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment or

punishment in prisons (Switzerland);

151.115 Continue providing physical, psychological and social integration

assistance to victims of trafficking in persons (Saudi Arabia);

151.116 Continue efforts to protect the rights of women and children, in

particular in the fight against human trafficking (Senegal);

151.117 Continue its efforts to combat child labour and trafficking in persons

at the national, regional and international levels (Thailand);

151.118 Fully implement the 2016–2020 national action plan to combat

human trafficking (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

151.119 Increase efforts to prosecute and convict human traffickers, including

complicit officials; protect victims; and reduce migrant workers’ vulnerability

to debt bondage (United States of America);

151.120 Intensify efforts to strengthen its policies and strategies aimed at

fighting against trafficking in persons, especially women and children

(Algeria);

151.121 Increase the funds allocated to support structures for victims of

human trafficking, including children (Angola);

151.122 Ensure that anti-trafficking laws and policies are in accordance with

international human rights standards (Cambodia);

151.123 Continue with efforts made to combat human trafficking, especially

the exploitation of girls and women, further strengthening its fight against

traffickers (Djibouti);

151.124 Establish a formal procedure throughout the country to promptly

identify victims of trafficking and refer them to appropriate services for

protection (Hungary);

151.125 Continue with efforts to combat human trafficking (Nigeria);

151.126 Amend and repeal legislation used to arbitrarily detain individuals

without trial, including the Prevention of Crime Act, the Security Offences

(Special Measures) Act and the Prevention of Terrorism Act (United Kingdom

of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

151.127 Enhance protections for the right of freedom of religion or belief for

all people in Malaysia, including the right to freely choose and practise their

faith (United States of America);

151.128 Continue to implement policies on interreligious harmony, to further

promote unity among religions and creeds (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

151.129 Take measures to fully guarantee the right to freedom of religion and

belief (Albania);

151.130 Continue the implementation of measures aimed at strengthening

inter-ethnic and interreligious interaction in the country (Belarus);

151.131 Guarantee freedom of religion or belief to all, stemming racial and

religious intolerance, including against the Christian community (Croatia);

151.132 Amend the National Registration Act to remove all references to

religion on identity cards, in follow-up to recommendations in paragraphs

146.87 and 146.152 of the Second Cycle (Haiti);

151.133 Take the necessary measures to ensure that all persons are free to

exercise their right to freedom of religion and belief, especially the right to

change their religion, without fear of judicial sanction, in follow-up to

recommendations in paragraphs 146.87 and 146.152 of the second cycle (Haiti);

151.134 Make more efforts in the framework of freedom of religion and belief

(Iraq);

151.135 Undertake administrative, policy and legislative measures to

guarantee freedom of religion and belief for all in Malaysia, consistent with the

Constitution (Kenya);

151.136 Enact legislation guaranteeing the right of access to information and

ensure its full implementation (Slovakia);

151.137 Rescind or revise the Sedition Act, Security Offences Act and

Communications and Multimedia Act, which negatively affect freedoms of

expression, association and peaceful assembly (United States of America);

151.138 Continue developing efforts in order to guarantee the freedoms and

safety of human rights defenders (Uruguay);

151.139 Take further steps to ensure a free, independent, pluralistic and

diverse media landscape, including by reducing political influence on media

outlets (Austria);

151.140 Consider revising national legislation, including the Communications

and Multimedia Act 1998, in order to bring it into conformity with

international human rights law regarding the right of freedom of expression

online and offline (Brazil);

151.141 Amend existing provisions that limit the freedom of expression, the

Evidence Amendment Act, Peaceful Assembly Act, and the cessation of

arbitrary detention and apprehensions without charges following legislative

reforms in accordance with international standards (Spain);

151.142 Build upon its efforts to ensure the full enjoyment of the freedom of

opinion and expression by repealing the Sedition Act and bringing the Printing

Presses and Publication Act, the Official Secrets Act and the Anti-Fake News

Act into line with international human rights law (Czechia);

151.143 Accelerate consultations within the Government in order to review

the following legislation: the Sedition Act, the Printing Presses and Publications

Act, the Prevention of Crime Act, the Special Offence Act, the Peaceful

Assembly Act and the Prevention of Terrorism Act (Georgia);

151.144 Continue efforts in the area of free speech to create a safe and

enabling environment for the media and civil society and, in this regard, repeal

the Printing and Publication Act, as previously recommended (Ireland);

151.145 Review its legislation with the aim of ensuring that civil society,

including human rights defenders and journalists, could freely exercise their

rights to freedom of expression, both online and offline, association and

peaceful assembly (Lithuania);

151.146 Better protect journalists and human rights defenders, in particular

by abolishing travel bans they are subject to and amending certain laws, such

as the Peaceful Assembly Act and the Penal Code (Switzerland);

151.147 Revise the Peaceful Assembly Act in order to eliminate

discrimination and hindrance to the freedom of association and peaceful

assembly (Czechia);

151.148 Ensure that the judicial ethics committee carries out independent

investigations on violations of the code of ethics (Algeria);

151.149 Ensure all foreign workers have the right to full access to justice and

legal remedies (Bangladesh);

151.150 Amend all provisions of the federal Constitution that deny women

equal rights with respect to the transmission of their nationality to their

children (Belgium);

151.151 Take steps to harmonize laws and policies on nationality to ensure

equal rights for Malaysian women and men in all situations (Haiti);

151.152 Protect the right to nationality and prevent statelessness of children

born to Malaysian citizens by removing restrictions thereof (Kenya);

151.153 Provide active support to vulnerable groups of the population –

elderly persons, persons with disabilities, single mothers and indigenous

population – and facilitate the broadening of their rights and opportunities

through education and training in skills in demand in order to develop human

potential (Russian Federation);

151.154 Expand its existing economic empowerment programmes to cover

more groups of vulnerable women, such as single mothers and indigenous

women (Singapore);

151.155 Continue its development efforts to raise the level of health care and

improve education services in all regions of the country (Yemen);

151.156 Continue ensuring the right to basic standards of health, education,

nutrition and welfare of the entire population (Kuwait);

151.157 Not to relent in its efforts to improve the socioeconomic well-being of

its people (Nigeria);

151.158 Continue its efforts to achieve sustainable and balanced development,

and to focus on the implementation of the eleventh Malaysia Plan 2016–2020 to

provide adequate housing for all while continuing to support low-income

families (Qatar);

151.159 Exert further effort in order to support the societal sectors in need of

adequate shelter (Oman);

151.160 Take further measures to protect social rights, including the rights of

children, women and persons with disabilities (Uzbekistan);

151.161 Continue the implementation of social protection programmes

designed to reduce poverty (Syrian Arab Republic);

151.162 Continue to take further efforts and initiatives in the social and

economic area aimed to eradicate poverty and to improve living standard of

Malaysian people (Russian Federation);

151.163 Continue implementing programmes to eradicate poverty (Saudi

Arabia);

151.164 Continue to support the poor groups and continue efforts to eliminate

poverty in the framework of the 2030 Agenda (United Arab Emirates);

151.165 Continue realization of the strategies to eradicate poverty and

improving the social protection of citizens (Belarus);

151.166 Continue placing poverty alleviation as one of its national priorities

to promote sustainable economic and social development (Indonesia);

151.167 Share its experiences and lessons learned on poverty eradication with

ASEAN countries through bilateral and multilateral mechanisms (Lao People’s

Democratic Republic);

151.168 Continue implementing the accepted recommendations with a special

focus on the elimination of poverty and strengthening women’s participation in

political and social affairs (Lebanon);

151.169 Utilize information technology for creating employment

opportunities for the youth (India);

151.170 Intensify measures to improve working conditions, security and

safety, and further improve education on individual and collective rights for

migrant workers (Viet Nam);

151.171 Continue guaranteeing access to health-care services, in line with

target 3.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (Peru);

151.172 Undertake further measures to realize universal health coverage

(Thailand);

151.173 Continue efforts in eradicating AIDS by increasing access to

affordable first and second-line antiretroviral treatment (Viet Nam);

151.174 Continue implementing initiatives to reduce the incidence of

communicable diseases (Cuba);

151.175 Continue efforts to improve the quality of health-care services and to

increase allocations for health in the national budget (State of Palestine);

151.176 Enhance further access to health services including facilitating

greater access to mental health and neonatal health care (Indonesia);

151.177 Continue to improve its national health-care system and ensure

access to quality health care (Kuwait);

151.178 Pursue its effort to improve the coverage of and accessibility to health

care, especially for vulnerable groups as well as people in remote and rural

areas (Mauritius);

151.179 Make greater effort to improve health care (Oman);

151.180 Continue introducing and implementing measures to improve the

situation of women, especially access to health care (Morocco);

151.181 Continue its efforts in promoting social and economic rights,

particularly in health-care services (Islamic Republic of Iran);

151.182 Update the current reproductive health and social education syllabus

to include, inter alia, education on healthy and respectful family life and

interpersonal relationships, human rights, violence and gender-based violence,

consent and bodily integrity, in line with United Nations technical guidelines on

education (Slovenia);

151.183 Update the current reproductive health and social education syllabus

to include education on health and respectful family life and interpersonal

relationships, including on consent and bodily integrity, in line with the United

Nations technical guidelines (Iceland);

151.184 Continue efforts to increase family planning and reproductive health

services in both urban and rural areas (Tunisia);

151.185 Make the necessary efforts in implementing the fight against

HIV/AIDS (Chad);

151.186 Strengthen efforts to reduce maternal mortality, through improved

access to maternal health-care services (Sri Lanka);

151.187 Take effective measures to ensure that unmarried women and

vulnerable groups have access to sexual and reproductive health care in

government health centres (Fiji);

151.188 Continue its efforts to provide education opportunities for all

children, particularly those belonging to vulnerable groups (Qatar);

151.189 Continue to improve access to quality education by ensuring that its

technical and vocational education institutions are well resourced (Singapore);

151.190 Provide access to formal education for all children (Turkey);

151.191 Take further measures to promote the right to education,

particularly for the underprivileged and disadvantaged (Bhutan);

151.192 Continue to redouble efforts to support education for all (Chad);

151.193 Further develop education to ensure that all people, particularly

rural women and children, enjoy quality education (China);

151.194 Increase input into education to ensure schools in rural and remote

areas have sufficient teaching resources (China);

151.195 Intensify efforts in the field of education to ensure equal access to

quality education for all, in particular for the indigenous population (Djibouti);

151.196 Continue efforts to strengthen the right to education for all,

particularly for groups who are underprivileged (Egypt);

151.197 Develop a specific programme to ensure the inclusion within the

educational system of children with disabilities, as well as refugee and migrant

children (Honduras);

151.198 Ensure quality education for all (India);

151.199 Continue efforts in order to provide free primary education to all

children, irrespective of their status (Kazakhstan);

151.200 Invest additional efforts and take additional measures to ensure

improvement of the situation of women and girls (Serbia);

151.201 Adopt gender equality legislation to reduce inequalities between men

and women (Albania);

151.202 Further protect women’s rights by providing more assistance to poor

women, including women with disabilities (Azerbaijan);

151.203 Strengthen laws and policies aimed at providing women with safe

protection and enhancing their roles in society (Bahrain);

151.204 Further improve and advance women’s rights, in particular for those

in disadvantaged circumstances, and ensure gender equality (Sri Lanka);

151.205 Continue to promote women’s literacy (Gabon);

151.206 Expedite efforts for the adoption of a Gender Equality Bill to balance

the roles of men and women in the nation’s development (Pakistan);

151.207 Continue with its initiatives to ensure equality for women in law and

in practice, in addition to combating all forms of gender-based violence

(Ecuador);

151.208 Continue its efforts for gender equality and allow Malaysian women

to pass on their citizenship to their children and spouses (Iceland);

151.209 Strengthen its legislation to ensure respect for women’s and girls’

human rights and to fully outlaw gender-based discrimination (Lithuania);

151.210 Define discrimination against women in national legislation in

conformity with the provision in article 1 of the Convention on the Elimination

of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Mexico);

151.211 Step up efforts towards the adoption of a law on gender equality

(Mexico);

151.212 Eliminate all forms of discrimination and violence against women,

including by criminalizing all forms of female genital mutilation and marital

rape and prohibiting the whipping of women as a form of punishment, as well

as child marriages (Portugal);

151.213 Continue efforts to effectively protect women and children from

human rights violations, including gender-based violence, child marriage and

child labour (Republic of Korea);

151.214 Build on its efforts since its last review to better protect women from

domestic and sexual violence by strengthening the relevant legal frameworks

and policies (Singapore);

151.215 Criminalize marital rape by amending section 375 of the Penal Code

(Canada);

151.216 Continue efforts to combat discrimination and violence against

women (Cuba);

151.217 Prohibit all forms of female genital mutilation, as defined by the

World Health Organization, in its criminal code, ensuring that the prohibition

cannot be overruled by any fatwas or other rulings issued by religious

authorities (Denmark);

151.218 Prohibit all forms of genital mutilation and redouble its efforts to

eradicate early marriages and criminalize spousal rape (Honduras);

151.219 Eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and girls and

withdraw all remaining reservations to articles 9 and 16 of the Convention on

the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Sweden);

151.220 Continue the efforts to guarantee the increase of the labour

participation rate of women to 59 per cent in 2020, as stated in paragraph 89 of

the national report (United Arab Emirates);

151.221 Intensify its efforts to ensure a better representation of women in

political and public positions of high responsibility (Gabon);

151.222 Strengthen efforts to promote empowerment of women and gender

equality, with the objective of increasing their participation in decision-making

(Pakistan);

151.223 Continue efforts in promoting women’s capacity to participate in all

aspects of life as well as the nation’s development (Lao People’s Democratic

Republic);

151.224 Implement anti-bullying campaigns in schools addressing all forms of

bullying, including that based on actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender

identity or gender expression (Portugal);

151.225 Continue efforts to combat child abuse, including through the

elimination of caning in education facilities (Ukraine);

151.226 Continue the enactment of legislation to protect children from all

forms of ill-treatment and violence (Bahrain);

151.227 Continue with measures aimed at facilitating the schooling of

children in rural and remote areas, and include in its Criminal Code the

prohibition of all forms of female genital mutilation (Côte d’Ivoire);

151.228 Abolish corporal punishment in the legal system (Germany);

151.229 Continue efforts to improve the protection of children from abuse

(Sudan);

151.230 Take further actions to protect children’s rights, especially access to

public education, protection from child labour and sexual exploitation and

prevention of sexual crimes against children (Japan);

151.231 Continue to ensure the physical and emotional safety and welfare of

children (Morocco);

151.232 Ensure that the legal age for marriage is set at 18 years of age with no

exceptions, as established under international human rights standards

(Slovenia);

151.233 Intensify efforts to raise the age of marriage to 18 years of age, in

order to avoid early and forced child marriage (Argentina);

151.234 Take early action to raise the minimum age for marriage to comply

with international child rights standards (Australia);

151.235 Introduce effective measures to prevent child marriage and ensure

their implementation in all states of Malaysia (Austria);

151.236 Review all relevant laws to set the minimum legal age for marriage

for all males and females at 18 years (Belgium);

151.237 Review state and federal laws to raise the minimum age of marriage

to 18 for everyone in Malaysia and adopt policies to discourage child marriage

(Canada);

151.238 Continue actions to combat child marriage (Gabon);

151.239 Review all relevant legislation with a view to setting the minimum

legal age for marriage for all persons at 18 years of age (Germany);

151.240 Ensure that the legal age for marriage is set at 18 years of age and do

its utmost to eradicate and prevent child marriage (Hungary);

151.241 Promote and protect the rights of women and children, with

particular attention to the fight against child, early and forced marriage (Italy);

151.242 Intensify its efforts to fully eliminate child, early and forced

marriages (Lithuania);

151.243 Intensify measures to address issues of child marriages (Myanmar);

151.244 Continue efforts to combat violence against children (Maldives);

151.245 Respect the human rights of persons with mental health conditions

and psychosocial disabilities, in line with the Convention on the Rights of

Persons with Disabilities (Portugal);

151.246 Continue to promote the rights of people with disabilities (Senegal);

151.247 Continue to advance the rights of persons with disabilities, including

by ensuring that public places are friendly to persons with disabilities

(Cameroon);

151.248 Increase efforts to implement legal measures and public policies that

guarantee the right to education to persons with disabilities (Ecuador);

151.249 Intensify efforts so that children with disabilities have sufficient

access to education and health care (Fiji);

151.250 Continue the implementation of national strategies and plans by

providing all public services to persons with disabilities and redoubling efforts

to integrate children with disabilities into the school system (State of Palestine);

151.251 Develop programmes to strengthen the integration of children with

disabilities and refugees in its school system (Greece);

151.252 Continue to advance the rights of persons with disabilities, including

by adjusting public places and transforming them into friendly spaces for

persons with disabilities (Jordan);

151.253 Continue with efforts to fulfil the rights of persons with disabilities

and facilitate their access to public places (Lebanon);

151.254 Continue its efforts to protect minorities (Libya);

151.255 Strengthen the rights of indigenous peoples through the

incorporation of the principles of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights

of Indigenous Peoples in judicial and administrative procedures (Peru);

151.256 Continue the implementation of plans and strategies to strengthen the

economic and social well-being of indigenous peoples (Plurinational State of

Bolivia);

151.257 Strengthen policies and measures for the well-being of the indigenous

peoples in Malaysia to uplift their economic and social status and benefit from

the country’s economic development (Lao People’s Democratic Republic);

151.258 Ensure the rights of indigenous peoples in law and in practice, in

particular regarding their right to traditional lands, territories and resources

(Norway);

151.259 Continue efforts aimed at enhancing the safety and advancing the

welfare of migrant workers (Philippines);

151.260 Ensure that the right to health and education is available, irrespective

of citizenship and immigration status (Philippines);

151.261 Continue efforts to enhance the transparency and efficiency of the

recruitment system of migrant workers (Bangladesh);

151.262 In order to better safeguard the unity of the family, take steps to

speed up the application process for permanent residence (Haiti);

151.263 Ensure that all migrant workers and their families have access to

medical services, including for sexual and reproductive health (Honduras);

151.264 Explore best practices adopted by the receiving countries for migrant

workers, in line with relevant ILO conventions (India);

151.265 Increase further efforts for social inclusion of migrant workers and

integration with the local community, irrespective of their race and religion

(Myanmar);

151.266 Take necessary measures to prevent and punish all forms of violence

against migrant workers, including hate crimes and racism (Myanmar);

151.267 Continue to take further necessary measures to ensure protection of

the rights of migrant workers (Nepal);

151.268 Intensify its efforts to ensure access to primary and secondary

education to asylum seekers and refugees and to offer them equal education

opportunity (Afghanistan).

152. All conclusions and/or recommendations contained in the present report reflect

the position of the submitting State(s) and/or the State under review. They should not

be construed as endorsed by the Working Group as a whole.

Annex

Composition of the delegation

The delegation of Malaysia was headed by H.E. Mr. Dato’ Seri Ramlan Ibrahim,

Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and composed of the following

members:

• H.E. Dato’ Amran MOHAMED ZIN, Ambassador/Permanent Representative of

Malaysia to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in

Geneva;

• TPr Datuk. Hjh. Rokibah binti ABDUL LATIF, Director General Federal

Department of Town and Country Planning (PLANMalaysia);

• Datu Jaul SAMION, Deputy State Secretary, Sarawak State Government;

• Dr. Habibah binti ABDUL RAHIM, Deputy Director-General, Ministry of

Education;

• Dato’ Indera Khairul Dzaimee bin DAUD, Deputy Secretary General (Policy and

Control), Ministry of Home Affairs;

• Mrs. Hakimah binti MOHD YUSOFF, Deputy Director General of Islamic

Development Division, Department of Islamic Development;

• Mr. Azmir Shah ZAINAL ABIDIN, Deputy Head of Division of International

Affairs, Attorney General’s Chambers;

• Mr. CHUA Choon Hwa, Undersecretary for Policy and Strategic Planning Division,

Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development;

• Mrs. Betty binti HASAN, Undersecretary of Policy Division, Ministry of Human

Resources;

• Mr. Hamzah bin ISHAK, Director of Intelligence and National Crisis Management

Division, National Security Council, Prime Minister’s Department;

• Mr. John K. SAMUEL, Undersecretary of Human Rights and Humanities Division,

Department of Multilateral Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia;

• Dr. Salahudin bin DATO’ HIDAYAT SHARIFF, Head of Human Rights and

International Organization Unit, Attorney General’s Chambers;

• Mrs. Rohayati binti ABD. HAMED, Head of Sector, Education Policy Planning and

Research Division, Ministry of Education;

• Dr. Punitha SILIVARAJOO, Director of Policy Section, Legal Affairs Division,

Prime Minister’s Department;

• Mrs. Hanani binti SAPIT, Head of Section, Strategic Evaluation Division,

Implementation and Coordination Unit, Prime Minister’s Department;

• Mrs. Arleen binti RAMLY, Deputy Director of International Affairs Division,

Federal Court of Malaysia;

• Mr. Adlan MOHD SHAFFIEQ, Principal Assistant Secretary, Human Rights and

Humanities Division, Department of Multilateral Affairs, Ministry of Foreign

Affairs, Malaysia;

• Mr. Syed Edwan ANWAR, Deputy Permanent Representative, Permanent Mission

of Malaysia to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in

Geneva;

• Mr. Mohd Zuhairi bin MAT RADEY, Senior Principal Assistant Secretary,

International Division, Ministry of Home Affairs;

• Mrs. Noor Salwana binti KHAIRULLAH, Assistant Director, Education Policy

Planning and Research Division, Ministry of Education;

• Mrs. Caroline anak CLEOPHAS JOSEPH, Principal Assistant Secretary, Sarawak

State Government;

• Mr. Jiwari bin ABDULLAH, General Manager, Corporate Social Responsibility and

Sustainability, Sarawak State Government;

• Mrs. Nazlinda binti ZAMANI, Principal Assistant Secretary, Strategic Planning

Division, Ministry of Rural Development;

• Mrs. Nor Aizam Aiza ZAMRAN, Senior Federal Counsel, Human Rights and

International Organization Unit, Attorney General’s Chambers;

• Mrs. Azrina Binti AZNAN, Principal Assistant Secretary, International Relations

Division, Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development;

• Mrs. Noor Haryantie binti NOOR SIDIN, Principal Assistant Secretary,

International Affairs Division, Ministry of Human Resources;

• Mr. Ahmad Zafwan bin SULAIMAN, Principal Assistant Director, Policy and

Strategic Planning Division, National Housing Department, Ministry of Housing and

Local Government;

• Mr. Sagu anak UNTING, Senior Land Officer, Sarawak State Government;

• Mrs. Lonie anak PINDA, Legal Officer, Sarawak State Government;

• Mr. Muhammad Firdaus bin ABDUL RAHIM, Senior Assistant Registrar,

International Affairs Division, Federal Court of Malaysia;

• Ms. Kalpana Devi RAJANTRAN, First Secretary, Permanent Mission of Malaysia

to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva;

• Mr. LOW Tze Hian, Assistant Secretary, Human Rights and Humanities Division,

Department of Multilateral Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia.