40/8 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Mexico

GE.18-22746(E)



Human Rights Council Fortieth session

25 February–22 March 2019

Agenda item 6

Universal periodic review

Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review*

Mexico

* The annex is being circulated without formal editing, in the languages of submission only.

United Nations A/HRC/40/8

Introduction

1. The Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, established in accordance

with Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, held its thirty-first session from 5 to 16

November 2018. The review of Mexico was held at the 5th meeting, on 7 November 2018.

The delegation of Mexico was headed by the Undersecretary for Multilateral Affairs and

Human Rights, Secretariat of Foreign Affairs, Miguel Ruiz Cabanas. At its 10th meeting,

held on 9 November 2018, the Working Group adopted the report on Mexico.

2. On 10 January 2018, the Human Rights Council selected the following group of

rapporteurs (troika) to facilitate the review of Mexico: Panama, Republic of Korea and

Rwanda.

3. In accordance with paragraph 15 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution

5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21, the following documents

were issued for the review of Mexico:

(a) A national report submitted/written presentation made in accordance with

paragraph 15 (a) (A/HRC/WG.6/31/MEX/1);

(b) A compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in accordance with paragraph 15 (b)

(A/HRC/WG.6/31/MEX/2);

(c) A summary prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (c)

(A/HRC/WG.6/31/MEX/3).

4. A list of questions prepared in advance by Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Portugal, on

behalf of the Group of Friends on national implementation, reporting and follow-up,

Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland, the United States of America and Uruguay was transmitted to Mexico through the

troika. These questions are available on the website of the universal periodic review.

I. Summary of the proceedings of the review process

A. Presentation by the State under review

5. The head of the delegation underscored the importance Mexico attributed to the

universal periodic review process, with the participation of a high-level delegation from the

three branches of government. Mexico had been open to international scrutiny; since 2013,

it had received 28 official visits from universal and regional special procedures and

mechanisms, and 18 reports had been submitted.

6. Mexico had an electronic platform open for public consultation, which contained

more than 2,600 recommendations made by universal and regional human rights

mechanisms.

7. The recommendations from the second cycle of the universal periodic review had

been incorporated into the National Human Rights Programme 2014–2018, which

mainstreamed the human rights-based approach across sectoral and budgetary programmes.

It had become a benchmark for the development of 20 state programmes.

8. The entry into force in 2016 of the new criminal justice system represented the

greatest legal transformation in the country in the past 100 years. In that regard, 21 federal

or national laws had been created or reformed, and more than 350 local laws had been

modified.

9. The use of arraigo had been restricted and it had become an exceptional

precautionary measure, with only one person currently detained under that regime.

10. Since 2012, the mechanism for the protection of human rights defenders and

journalists had provided protection to 1,030 people. Under the mechanism, more than 5,000

measures had been implemented at a cost of Mex$ 767 million (US$ 40 million). Currently,

the mechanism had sufficient resources to continue its operations.

11. Regarding the situation of persons deprived of liberty, the National Conference of

Prison Services had issued 44 protocols for action on issues such as prevention of torture,

protection of persons in vulnerable situations, access to health and accessibility for persons

with disabilities.

B. Interactive dialogue and responses by the State under review

12. During the interactive dialogue, 102 delegations made statements.

Recommendations made during the dialogue are to be found in section II of the present

report.

13. The United States noted that corruption had facilitated impunity in cases of serious

crimes, particularly enforced disappearances and torture.

14. Uruguay welcomed amendments made to domestic legislation in order to enhance

the gender perspective and ensure harmonization with international human rights standards.

15. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela acknowledged legislative progress made by

Mexico on the rights of the child, the prevention and punishment of torture, and regarding

enforced disappearances.

16. Viet Nam applauded the work of the Congress of the Union and the code of conduct

for the protection of children and adolescents against sexual and labour exploitation.

17. Albania commended Mexico for its reforms aimed at eliminating discrimination and

preventing torture, but expressed concern about the labour situation of human rights

defenders and journalists.

18. Algeria praised efforts in the areas of early childhood, the increase in prison capacity

and improvements in access to health care.

19. Argentina noted the efforts of Mexico to reduce situations of danger for journalists

and human rights defenders.

20. Armenia applauded measures adopted by Mexico to combat gender-based violence

and to promote the rights of persons with disabilities.

21. Australia acknowledged efforts to reform the criminal justice system, but expressed

concern about the lack of prosecutorial independence and about gender-based violence.

22. Austria welcomed the adoption of the General Act on the Prevention, Investigation

and Punishment of Torture and the General Act on Enforced Disappearance of Persons,

Disappearance Perpetrated by Individuals, and the National Search System for Missing

Persons, but was concerned about the high levels of impunity.

23. Azerbaijan commended the extension of an open invitation to the special procedures

of the Human Rights Council and the establishment of the National Development Plan and

the National Human Rights Programme.

24. Bahrain applauded the agreement with the International Committee of the Red Cross

to train naval personnel on human rights.

25. Belarus noted the cooperation of Mexico with the special procedures and expressed

concern about human rights issues.

26. Belgium recognized progress made by Mexico since the previous cycle, expressing

confidence that further steps could be made to strengthen human rights.

27. Benin welcomed initiatives to protect human rights, particularly in the area of

education, employment, access to information and non-discrimination.

28. Bhutan commended progress achieved through development initiatives, including

the National Programme for Equality of Opportunities and Non-discrimination against

Women.

29. The Plurinational State of Bolivia asked Mexico to share information on the debate

about the draft law on the right to food.

30. Botswana applauded the adoption of the General Act on the Rights of Children and

Adolescents and the Migration Act.

31. Bulgaria welcomed the amendments to the National Human Rights Commission Act

and the adoption of the National Human Rights Programme.

32. Cameroon made recommendations.

33. Canada appreciated efforts made to improve justice and law enforcement systems,

and encouraged Mexico to implement laws as impunity remained persistent.

34. Chile commended the cooperation of Mexico with civil society and the special

procedures, but expressed concern about cases of enforced disappearance.

35. China applauded efforts to reform the Criminal Code, create the National

Development Plan and promote sustainable socioeconomic development.

36. Colombia praised the General Act on Enforced Disappearance, the National Human

Rights Programme 2014–2018, the Migration Act and the Special Migration Programme

2014–2018.

37. The Congo welcomed measures aimed at strengthening the domestic human rights

mechanisms and improving health care for migrants, asylum seekers and refugees.

38. Costa Rica highlighted progress made on the legal and institutional framework on

enforced disappearances. It was concerned about attacks against human rights defenders

and journalists, including impunity.

39. Côte d’Ivoire appreciated the reforms of the legal and institutional framework, and

the measures taken to reduce maternal and child mortality.

40. Croatia welcomed progress on children’s rights, but remained concerned about the

number of children facing violence and insecurity, especially children in street situations.

41. Cuba welcomed the steps taken by Mexico to implement the previous review

recommendations.

42. Cyprus welcomed the National Programme for Equality of Opportunities and Non-

discrimination against Women 2013–2018.

43. Czechia referred to the worrying number of killings of and attacks on journalists,

and violence against children and adolescents.

44. Denmark recalled the importance of sexual and reproductive health and the rights of

women. Additional legal reforms were needed to combat impunity.

45. Djibouti welcomed legal measures to protect refugees and prevent human trafficking.

46. Ecuador welcomed the National System for Evaluating the Level of Human Rights

Fulfilment, and the withdrawal by Mexico of its reservations to the International

Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance.

47. The delegation of Mexico stated that the Internal Security Act of 2017 had respected

the criteria issued by the inter-American human rights system; however, the Supreme Court

of Justice would rule on its constitutionality and level of respect for human rights.

48. In Mexico, migrants could obtain a unique population registry code in order to

access educational, health, labour and financial services.

49. In order to combat trafficking in persons, 28 inter-institutional commissions and 32

specialized prosecutor’s offices had been established in the different states, and 27

protocols had been prepared. Between 2013 and 2018, there had been 682 convictions for

human trafficking.

50. In 2016, the National Act on the Comprehensive Juvenile Criminal Justice System

had been promulgated, prioritizing the best interests of juveniles, and establishing

alternative mechanisms and sanctions of a socio-educational nature, with particular focus

on social reintegration.

51. The Supreme Court of Justice had reaffirmed the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender and intersex persons to marriage, to have one’s birth certificate rectified

following a sex change, and to access social security. It had issued protocols concerning the

prohibition of homophobic expressions.

52. The National Criminal Enforcement Act of 2016 regulated pretrial detention, the

enforcement of sentences and social reintegration. Preventive prison sentences represented

19.52 per cent of the precautionary measures imposed by judges.

53. The General Act on the Prevention, Investigation and Punishment of Torture of 2017

had standardized the classification of criminal offences, assigned competences and

established assistance for victims. Through specialized public prosecutor’s offices, the right

to submit independent expert reports, the non-applicability of statutes of limitations and the

development of a national programme for the eradication of torture were guaranteed. The

protocol for investigating crimes of torture, which had been approved in 2017, defined

investigative methodologies and procedures to be followed by prosecutors, experts and the

police. Between 2013 and 2018, some 36 sentences had been passed for crimes of torture.

54. The General Act on Enforced Disappearance of Persons, adopted in 2017, had

emanated from a dialogue with civil society, relatives of victims and OHCHR. The office

of the special prosecutor for enforced disappearance had been created to coordinate

investigations into that crime, and was currently investigating 939 cases. It included a

specialized unit for cases involving migrants and an external search and research

mechanism that coordinated with authorities in other countries to locate and repatriate

bodies or human remains. A protocol for searching for disappeared persons and

investigating the offence of enforced disappearance had been approved. It combined

investigative criteria and procedures, including the use of context analysis as a tool for

addressing those crimes.

55. Regarding attacks against journalists, the office of the special prosecutor for

offences committed against freedom of expression had carried out 84 inquiries and

requested 61 arrest warrants. Some 36 people had been linked to prosecutions and eight

convictions had been handed down between January 2015 and October 2018.

56. The protocol for the investigation of crimes committed against freedom of

expression was approved in 2018 with the aim of prioritizing lines of investigation related

to freedom of expression and a context analysis methodology.

57. Regarding the case of the 43 students in Ayotzinapa, the precautionary measures

adopted by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and 98 per cent of the 20

recommendations made by the interdisciplinary group of experts had been complied with.

The investigation and search activities had been carried out with the special follow-up

mechanism that had been established for that case. Mexico had received 11 visits and

submitted five questionnaires about the action it had taken. More than 100 people had been

prosecuted on the grounds that they had been involved in the kidnapping of the students,

and 27 individuals had been prosecuted for the attempted murder of one of the students.

58. Mexico incorporated a cross-cutting gender strategy across all public administration,

through the National Programme for Equality of Opportunities and Non-discrimination

against Women 2013–2018. The National System for Equality between Women and Men

had been consolidated in order to strengthen coordination with the legislative and judicial

branches, with the 32 federal states and with the Comprehensive Programme to Prevent,

Treat, Punish and Eradicate Violence against Women.

59. Gender parity had been achieved in the Federal Congress, as well as in many local

congresses. In 2017, the 32 federal states had adopted the nationwide definition of the

crime of femicide.

60. Egypt welcomed cooperation with human rights mechanisms and valued efforts to

achieve gender equality and combat violence against women.

61. Estonia acknowledged progress on corruption, torture, enforced disappearances,

gender equality, non-discrimination and cross-border migration. It invited Mexico to ensure

migrants’ rights.

62. Finland noted human rights efforts but referred to the high level of violence and

impunity in Mexico.

63. France acknowledged the solid human rights legal framework but noted that its

implementation remained insufficient.

64. Georgia valued various human rights and development programmes, and praised

Mexico for its cooperation with international human rights mechanisms.

65. Germany commended the General Act on Enforced Disappearance and appreciated

human rights efforts.

66. Ghana welcomed the amendments of the Migration Act in 2014 and 2018 and the

National Human Rights Programme 2014–2018.

67. Greece commended the mechanism for the protection of human rights defenders and

journalists, and the new criminal justice system established in 2016.

68. Guyana commended Mexico for its efforts regarding constitutional and other

reforms in labour, education, public finances, social welfare, information access, energy,

finance and economic competition.

69. Haiti welcomed the progress made in promoting and protecting human rights under

the previous administration and hoped that the level of commitment would be maintained.

70. The Holy See welcomed the pursuit of social security reforms seeking better

protection of the poor and the most disadvantaged.

71. Honduras welcomed reforms to migration laws aiming at better protection of the

human rights of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers.

72. Hungary commended Mexico for its development of a comprehensive normative

and institutional framework to fulfil its human rights obligations.

73. Iceland was pleased with its cooperation with Mexico on gender equality, the rights

of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons and person with disabilities.

74. India recognized the continued efforts of Mexico to promote and protect the rights of

women.

75. Indonesia appreciated the enactment of various legal instruments and the

introduction of the General Act on the Rights of Children and Adolescents.

76. The Islamic Republic of Iran commended Mexico for its recent reforms and

initiatives aiming at the full realization of human rights.

77. Iraq welcomed the legislative changes introduced to promote and protect the human

rights of migrants and combat human trafficking.

78. Ireland noted that the relevant institutions of the National Anti-corruption System

were not yet in place.

79. Italy welcomed the measures taken to develop the institutional framework for human

rights protection and valued the efforts made to combat torture and impunity.

80. Japan commended Mexico for its efforts to address discrimination and violence

against women, including femicide.

81. Jordan thanked Mexico for the presentation of its report, which testified to the

progress it had made in promoting and protecting human rights.

82. Kazakhstan encouraged Mexico to increase its efforts regarding public security and

the fight against impunity. It supported the Government’s intention to clarify the

Ayotzinapa case.

83. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic welcomed the National Development Plan

and the Human Rights Programme.

84. Liechtenstein, while welcoming the legislative and institutional measures taken, was

concerned at the persistence of gender-based violence. It welcomed the efforts of Mexico to

overcome insecurity.

85. Lithuania, while welcoming the legislative and policy frameworks of Mexico, was

concerned at the remaining challenges, particularly the need to address impunity in cases of

human rights violations.

86. Madagascar welcomed the General Act on the Prevention, Investigation and

Punishment of Torture. It was concerned at the persistence of discrimination against

vulnerable groups of children.

87. Malaysia welcomed measures to combat trafficking. It urged Mexico to redouble its

efforts to combat extreme poverty and discrimination against women.

88. Maldives welcomed measures to protect migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, and

efforts to promote indigenous and migrant children’s right to education.

89. Montenegro was concerned at the high level of violence and extrajudicial killings. It

urged Mexico to ensure implementation of the justice system reforms.

90. Morocco welcomed measures taken to protect migrants’ rights and to combat

trafficking in persons.

91. Mozambique noted the strides made by Mexico to implement the universal periodic

review recommendations.

92. Myanmar was encouraged by the progress made by Mexico regarding legal and

institutional frameworks and developments programmes.

93. Nepal welcomed the National Human Rights Programme 2014–2018, the

improvements to the criminal justice system and measures to combat discrimination and

torture.

94. The delegation of Mexico stated that multidisciplinary and participatory work had

been carried out on the issue of business and human rights. Agreement on objectives,

strategies and coordinated action on business and human rights had been reached with the

Business Coordinating Council in October 2018. The plan was to cooperate with civil

society organizations with the aim of advancing towards the publication of a national action

programme.

95. During the previous six years, around 4 million formal jobs had been created, and

the national employment service had placed more than 2.4 million young people in jobs.

Consultations were under way to move towards ratification of the Domestic Workers

Convention, 2011 (No. 189) of the International Labour Organization (ILO).

96. In order to combat poverty, the Mexican Social Security Institute’s social inclusion

Programme (PROSPERA) provided assistance to more than 6.5 million families. Between

2013 and 2018, the National Crusade against Hunger had helped 1.9 million people

overcome food poverty.

97. The 2016 national housing policy focused on people living in poverty, overcrowding,

women heads of family, seniors and persons with disabilities.

98. The Netherlands wished the new President success in his ambitious plan to end

corruption, impunity, inequality and violence.

99. New Zealand welcomed the implementation of judicial reform. It was concerned at

the high rates of gender-based violence in Mexico, including femicide.

100. Nigeria welcomed the National Anti-corruption System, the Special Migration

Programme and the efforts of Mexico to promote and protect the rights of people of African

descent.

101. Norway welcomed the multilateral engagement of Mexico regarding human rights.

However, it remained concerned at the alarmingly high levels of impunity and violence.

102. Pakistan appreciated the legislative reform to combat violence against women and

efforts to implement the national programme to promote women’s rights.

103. Paraguay welcomed the withdrawal by Mexico of its reservations to international

treaties, the legislative harmonization process and the national system for evaluating human

rights fulfilment.

104. Peru acknowledged the harmonization of military legislation with the Constitution,

the General Act on Enforced Disappearance and measures taken to protect journalists.

105. The Philippines commended the enactment of a landmark law on the rights of

children and adolescents, and a plan of action to prevent human trafficking.

106. Poland welcomed the new national legislation to eliminate discrimination, combat

enforced disappearances, and prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading

treatment.

107. Portugal congratulated Mexico on having set up the Human Rights Defenders and

Journalists Protection Fund and on the steps taken towards gender equality.

108. Qatar welcomed the adoption of legislation, the amendments to the Constitution and

the efforts to improve access to education.

109. The Republic of Korea appreciated the efforts aimed at improving the living

standards of migrants and migrant children and at reintegrating them into society.

110. The Republic of Moldova welcomed the adoption of the General Act on Women’s

Access to a Life Free of Violence.

111. The Russian Federation was concerned about increasing violence, the high number

of murders, overcrowding of prisons, and segregation of indigenous peoples in regard to

their access to education and health care.

112. Rwanda welcomed the steps to implement the recommendations from the previous

review and efforts to combat human trafficking.

113. Saudi Arabia commended the efforts to protect migrants, refugees and asylum

seekers.

114. Serbia welcomed the National Programme for Equality and Non-Discrimination,

which mainstreamed the right to non-discrimination and labour equality across federal

agencies.

115. Singapore congratulated Mexico for its achievements in reducing poverty and social

inequalities, and improving gender equality.

116. Slovakia noted with concern increased political violence and the high number of

attacks against journalists, media workers, human rights defenders and other activists.

117. Slovenia encouraged Mexico to adopt a gender-based approach to protection

measures for women human rights defenders and journalists, particularly when addressing

impunity.

118. Spain welcomed the establishment of a national follow-up mechanism on the review

recommendations, but was concerned about the prevalence of gender violence.

119. Sri Lanka noted the adoption of laws in the areas of transparency and access to

public information, anti-corruption and prevention of torture.

120. The State of Palestine praised Mexico for efforts to promote the rights of indigenous

peoples and its initiatives on business and human rights.

121. Sweden welcomed the commitment to international policy development, but noted

the high levels of violence and serious violations and abuses of human rights.

122. Switzerland congratulated Mexico for the adoption of a law on enforced

disappearance and its efforts to combat impunity.

123. The Syrian Arab Republic noted the measures, practices and legislation in the area

of human rights and their impact and compatibility at all levels.

124. Thailand welcomed the progress Mexico had made on human rights programmes, its

efforts in terms of business and human rights and its action to safeguard the rights of

migrants.

125. Trinidad and Tobago recognized the commitment to the National Development Plan

2013–2018 and the National Human Rights Programme 2014–2018.

126. Tunisia appreciated the adoption of national programmes and legislation since the

previous universal periodic review, particularly concerning the fight against human

trafficking, corruption and enforced disappearances.

127. Turkey welcomed the adoption of the General Acts on Enforced Disappearance and

on the Prevention, Investigation and Punishment of Torture.

128. Turkmenistan welcomed the adoption and implementation of the National Human

Rights Programme and commended the reforms in the normative and institutional

framework.

129. Ukraine noted the efforts to improve the institutional and legislative framework for

human rights.

130. The United Kingdom welcomed the implementation of a new adversarial criminal

justice system and the adoption of legislation on torture and enforced disappearance. It

remained concerned about limitations to freedom of expression, and violence against

journalists and human rights defenders.

131. Brazil commended the adoption of the General Act on the Rights of Children and

Adolescents and the General Act on Enforced Disappearance.

II. Conclusions and/or recommendations

132. The following recommendations will be examined by Mexico, which will

provide responses in due time, but no later than the fortieth session of the Human

Rights Council:

132.1 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Portugal) (Spain); Accede to the

Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and

Cultural Rights (Benin); Speed up the finalization of the inter-institutional

consultations to ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Georgia);

132.2 Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the

Child on a communications procedure (Portugal) (Slovakia) (Croatia) (Albania)

(Cameroon); Consider ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the

Rights of the Child on a communications procedure (Chile); Speed up the

finalization of the inter-institutional consultations to ratify the Optional

Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications

procedure (Georgia);

132.3 Ratify the Inter-American Convention on Protecting the Human

Rights of Older Persons, the Inter-American Convention Against All Forms of

Discrimination and Intolerance and the Inter-American Convention Against

Racism, Racial Discrimination and Related Forms of Intolerance (Cameroon);

132.4 Expedite the consultation process, in regard to the ratification of six

human rights and related instruments, especially the Inter-American

Convention against Racism, Racial Discrimination and Related Forms of

Intolerance (Mozambique);

132.5 Ratify the Kampala amendments to the Rome Statute (Liechtenstein);

132.6 Ratify the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) of the

International Labour Organization (Albania) (Cameroon); Ratify the ILO

Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) (Paraguay);

132.7 Consider accepting the competence of the Committee on Enforced

Disappearances to receive individual complaints (Paraguay);

132.8 Recognize the competency of the Committee on Enforced

Disappearances (Benin);

132.9 Accept the competence of the Committee on Enforced

Disappearances to receive and consider individual and inter-State

communications, pursuant to articles 31 and 32 of the Convention (Uruguay);

132.10 Recognize the competence of the Committee on Enforced

Disappearances to receive individual complaints, pursuant to articles 31 and 32

of the Convention (Costa Rica);

132.11 Ensure effective implementation of recommendations emerging from

country visits of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or

degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial,

summary or arbitrary executions and the Special Rapporteur on the rights of

indigenous peoples (Belarus);

132.12 Strengthen the capacities and autonomy of the National Human

Rights Commission (Ukraine);

132.13 Work for the promotion of a constructive dialogue and mutual

benefit cooperation in multilateral human rights mechanisms (Cuba);

132.14 Give effective follow-up to the accepted universal periodic review

recommendations, with the active participation of civil society (Bolivarian

Republic of Venezuela);

132.15 Continue to further involve civil society in the implementation of

universal periodic review recommendations (Indonesia);

132.16 Further strengthen its meaningful collaboration with stakeholders in

implementing universal periodic review recommendations and safeguarding

human rights (Myanmar);

132.17 Strengthen the national system to follow up and implement human

rights recommendations, in coordination with the different levels of

government (Paraguay);

132.18 Continue its efforts in enhancing the rights of vulnerable groups,

particularly women, children and persons with disabilities, and continue the

harmonization of legislation across its state constitutions (Bhutan);

132.19 Continue harmonizing national legislation across the 32 states in the

country (Jordan);

132.20 Further strengthen the legislative and institutional framework

(Morocco);

132.21 Take further effective measures to safeguard the human rights of

potentially vulnerable groups such as women, children, indigenous people and

migrant workers (Nepal);

132.22 Continue reviewing the national normative and institutional

frameworks to comply with its international human rights obligations

(Turkmenistan);

132.23 Continue establishing the national coordination scheme between the

federal mechanism and state governments, and the creation of a protocol to

coordinate actions to address and reduce situations of risk for journalists and

human rights defenders (Plurinational State of Bolivia);

132.24 Include the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex

population in the 2018–2024 National Development Plan, with a view to

continuing developing governmental actions to guarantee the full protection of

their rights (Uruguay);

132.25 Provide sufficient human and financial resources to the national

mechanism for the protection of human rights defenders (Uruguay);

132.26 Allocate human and material resources for the effective

implementation of the National Programme for the Protection of Children and

Adolescents as well as the National Search System for Missing Persons

(Honduras);

132.27 Take active steps to increase the representation of women, indigenous

peoples and migrants within the judicial system and provide training to the

military, police and judiciary designed to prevent systemic discrimination

against these groups (New Zealand);

132.28 Take effective measures to address racial discrimination faced by

people of African descent (Botswana);

132.29 Strengthen the measures aimed at eliminating discrimination against

indigenous children, Mexican children of African descent and migrant children

(Côte d’Ivoire);

132.30 Step up efforts to combat discrimination against Afrodescendants,

primarily in Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Veracruz (Honduras);

132.31 Put in place a legislative mechanism prohibiting all forms of

discrimination on the grounds of ethnic orientation (Madagascar);

132.32 Make progress with regard to non-discrimination policies against

children, adolescents, indigenous peoples, Mexican people of African descent,

migrants and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons (Colombia);

132.33 Adopt legislative measures and policies to prevent and combat

discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons

(Honduras);

132.34 Undertake an awareness-raising campaign in all Mexican states to

promote a culture of respect for the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender and intersex persons (Iceland);

132.35 Improve records and other data on violence faced by lesbian, gay,

bisexual, transgender and intersex persons (Iceland);

132.36 Recognize the important work of women human rights defenders,

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex defenders, environmental

defenders and others, and ensure their effective protection against the threats

and violence they face because of their work or who they are (Iceland);

132.37 Fully operationalize all measures to prevent and punish all forms of

violence against women, girls and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and

intersex persons (Australia);

132.38 Conclude the process of adoption of the national action plan for

business and human rights (Cameroon); Promptly adopt and implement the

action plan on business and human rights (Colombia); Intensify its efforts to

adopt a national action plan on business and human rights (Congo); Consider

adopting a national action plan on business and human rights (State of

Palestine); Finalize and adopt the national action plan on business and human

rights in consultation with relevant stakeholders (Thailand);

132.39 Consider the adoption of the national action plan on business and

human rights (Turkmenistan);

132.40 Accelerate and conclude the process with a view to adopting a

national action plan on business and human rights in order to harmonize policy

and practice with the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights

(Chile);

132.41 Adopt additional measures to guide those who are responsible for law

enforcement as to the limits of the use of force and to bolster training

programmes in human rights for police authorities (Brazil);

132.42 Strengthen the guarantees offered to victims of aggression and adopt

more measures to tackle this phenomenon (Bahrain);

132.43 Strengthen the national strategies that address the structural causes

of violence (Czechia);

132.44 Deal with criminal organizations and tackle the high rate of killing

that threatens the daily life of the Mexican people (Japan);

132.45 Strengthen its public security strategy to combat organized crime and

to eliminate the high levels of violence that continue to affect women and girls

in particular (Liechtenstein);

132.46 Continue its efforts to reduce levels of violence and poverty and to

promote equality and protection (Myanmar);

132.47 Intensify efforts to implement the 2017 General Act on Enforced

Disappearance of Persons as a means of combating impunity and violation of

human rights (Botswana);

132.48 Adopt adequate measures to sanction enforced disappearances

(Czechia);

132.49 Fully implement on a nationwide basis the federal law against

enforced disappearance and ensure the creation of an efficient judicial

mechanism involving federal, state and municipal institutions that ensures

prompt, thorough, independent and impartial investigations, a fair trial and

convictions of perpetrators of enforced disappearance (Germany);

132.50 Create a database of disappeared and missing migrants within its

territory (Greece);

132.51 Implement the legislation to address cases of enforced disappearance

(Italy);

132.52 Ensure the full implementation of the General Act on Enforced

Disappearance (Montenegro);

132.53 Allocate sufficient resources to enforce the General Act on Enforced

Disappearance of Persons (Republic of Korea);

132.54 Provide sufficient resources for the effective implementation of the

General Act on Enforced Disappearance of Persons (Spain);

132.55 Provide the National Search Commission with an adequate budget,

sufficient competent staff and a research programme and national register of

missing persons (Switzerland);

132.56 Continue taking the necessary steps at the federal level, as well as at

the state and local levels, to fully implement the General Act on Enforced

Disappearance and the General Act on the Prevention, Investigation and

Punishment of Torture, and to strengthen the existing national protection

mechanisms (Turkey);

132.57 Ensure the full and effective implementation of the 2017 General Act

on the Prevention, Investigation and Punishment of Torture (Finland);

132.58 Ensure effective application of national legislation outlawing torture

and fighting enforced disappearances (Belarus);

132.59 Take steps to implement the General Act on the Prevention,

Investigation and Punishment of Torture of 2017, especially during the first few

hours of arrest (Ghana);

132.60 Take concrete steps to combat arbitrary detention and torture of

detainees, including by establishing a nationwide and consistent register of

arrests in line with international human rights law (Norway);

132.61 Repeal provisions in the Constitution and in laws that provide for

arraigo detention and investigate and prosecute allegations of violations of

human rights committed under these laws (Pakistan);

132.62 Respect and defend life from conception to natural death, based on

amendments of state constitutions, promoting similar protection at the federal

and local levels (Holy See);

132.63 Identify and hold criminally accountable those who are responsible

for the disappearances in the Iguala/Ayotzinapa case, as well as those who

ordered and carried out torture and obstruction of justice in the investigation

of the case (United States of America);

132.64 Promulgate laws, establish the necessary protection mechanisms and

allocate sufficient resources to combat impunity, notably with regard to crimes

committed against women, children and the elderly (Bahrain);

132.65 Conduct swift, independent and impartial investigations of all cases

of enforced disappearance and bring to justice perpetrators following fair trials

(Belgium);

132.66 Conduct thorough, independent and impartial investigation into

femicide ensuring that the perpetrators are brought to justice and guaranteeing

reparation for victims and their families for the harm suffered (Belgium);

132.67 Develop and effectively implement guidelines for the investigation of

femicide in those states where they do not yet exist (Canada);

132.68 Conduct prompt, thorough, independent and impartial investigations

into all cases of enforced disappearance (Canada);

132.69 Make effective progress with the implementation of the national

search system for missing persons (Chile);

132.70 Adopt measures that would ensure thorough investigation of all

attacks and threats against journalists and that would guarantee victims’ rights,

including effective remedies (Czechia);

132.71 Ensure that all violations of human rights committed by defence and

security forces – disproportionate use of force, torture, ill-treatment, arbitrary

detentions – are independently and impartially investigated (France);

132.72 Conduct prompt, thorough, independent and impartial investigations

of all cases of enforced disappearance, and bring to justice perpetrators in full

respect of international standards on justice (France);

132.73 Conduct prompt, thorough, independent and impartial investigations

into attacks against journalists and human rights defenders, and ensure that

any perpetrator can be brought to justice in a fair trial; ensure that the

Mexican Federation’s protection mechanism for journalists and human rights

defenders receives long-term funding and political support (Germany);

132.74 Continue to conduct investigations into incidences of enforced

disappearance and ensure that the perpetrators are brought to justice (Ghana);

132.75 Do not tolerate impunity, and punish all perpetrators of serious

crimes, including the murderers of journalists and human rights defenders

(Hungary);

132.76 Consolidate efforts in promptly and impartially investigating all

instances of gender-based violence and enforced disappearance of women and

girls (Lithuania);

132.77 Continue with the efforts aimed at investigating and sanctioning cases

of enforced disappearance (Argentina);

132.78 Continue to strengthen measures to prevent, investigate and

prosecute aggressions and other forms of abuse against journalists and human

rights defenders, especially against women human rights defenders (Argentina);

132.79 Adequately investigate killings and disappearances of journalists and

effectively implement the federal mechanism for the protection of human rights

defenders and journalists (New Zealand);

132.80 Investigate allegations of violations of the rights of migrants and

refugees, including refoulement (Pakistan);

132.81 Ensure that allegations of extrajudicial killing and enforced

disappearance will be effectively investigated and prosecuted (Poland);

132.82 Ensure that intimidation or harassment, including against journalists

and human rights defenders, are investigated promptly, impartially and

exhaustively, guaranteeing that perpetrators are held accountable and victims

are granted effective remedies (Sweden);

132.83 Create the national DNA database and stand up mechanisms such as

commissions and special prosecutors required by the 2017 laws on enforced

disappearance and torture, in coordination with victims’ families, and with full

funding and political support (United States of America);

132.84 Establish the politically independent career prosecutor’s office

envisioned in the 2014 constitutional reform (United States of America);

132.85 Take all necessary actions and steps to create an autonomous and

fully independent federal Attorney General’s Office and ensure its effective

functioning in order to promptly, impartially and thoroughly investigate all

allegations of crime (Austria);

132.86 Increase efforts to tackle impunity and corruption nationwide

through the establishment of an advisory council to strengthen investigations

and increase accountability for serious crimes and grave human rights

violations, including those committed by public officials (United Kingdom of

Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

132.87 Create an autonomous, accountable and fully independent National

Prosecutor’s Office with the technical capacity to ensure transparent

investigations (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

132.88 Adopt the necessary regulation to have an Attorney-General of the

Republic which is independent from the Executive (Costa Rica);

132.89 Establish an effective and independent mechanism to combat

impunity, with a mandate to investigate atrocity crimes, human rights

violations and related acts of corruption (Denmark);

132.90 Strengthen the mechanisms of accountability and reparation for

victims of human rights violations and their families (Ecuador);

132.91 Implement concrete mechanisms to tackle impunity, including the

installation of the institutions of the National Anti-corruption System, and

ensure that investigations into reported crimes are conducted promptly and on

an independent and impartial basis, ensuring that those who commit crimes

(particularly violent crimes) are brought to justice and that victims are granted

effective remedies (Ireland);

132.92 Put in place effective mechanisms against impunity that allow

progress in the investigation of human rights violations to avoid impunity for

the perpetrators and ensure the application of international human rights law

(Spain);

132.93 Establish an independent Attorney General’s Office for conducting

impartial investigations and to ensure perpetrators are brought to justice

(Australia);

132.94 Ensure due implementation of the reform of the criminal justice

system in all Mexican states (Ukraine);

132.95 Intensify efforts to combat corruption and organized crime, including

human trafficking and drug trafficking (Belarus);

132.96 Reinforce efforts to fight against corruption, including by fully

implementing the National Anti-corruption System (Estonia);

132.97 Combat impunity by strengthening the independence and

professionalism of the staff of the criminal justice system (France);

132.98 Enter into structured cooperation with the international community

on the rule of law with the aim of enhancing Mexican institutions’ capabilities

and determination to conduct prompt, thorough, independent and impartial

investigations, to ensure fair trials and to attain convictions based on

international standards (Germany);

132.99 Continue its efforts to enhance the rule of law and adopt measures to

guarantee effective protection of citizens, especially journalists and human

rights defenders, by ensuring prompt and effective investigations of threats,

attacks and killings (Italy);

132.100 Continue efforts in the implementation of judicial reform, including

on the independence of prosecutors and the prohibition of torture, and ensure

accountability (New Zealand);

132.101 Continue with its efforts to fight corruption and impunity, as well as

human trafficking (Nigeria);

132.102 Take further steps to tackle impunity by guaranteeing the

independence and impartiality of the judiciary, thereby ensuring that judges

are free from any interference, pressure or undue influence in the exercise of

their functions (Norway);

132.103 Ensure the impartiality and independence of the judiciary so that it

operates free of interference or pressure in the exercise of its functions

(Pakistan);

132.104 Strengthen the independence and effectiveness of the judiciary in

order to concretize the right to truth and access to justice (Peru);

132.105 Take the necessary measures to effectively combat impunity for

attacks against religious leaders, journalists or members of religious minorities

(Poland);

132.106 Guarantee in law and in practice the independence of justice and, in

particular, that judges can exercise their functions free from any interference,

pressure and abusive influence (Switzerland);

132.107 Ensure the restitution and reparation due to victims of violence (Holy

See);

132.108 Address impunity, especially related to corruption, by strengthening

the agility of the new adversarial criminal justice system. This includes follow-

up on its intention to establish an independent National Prosecutor’s Office

(Netherlands);

132.109 Ensure the effective functioning of the federal protection mechanism

for journalists and human rights defenders, in particular through the allocation

of sufficient human, financial and technical resources (Austria);

132.110 Guarantee the effective implementation and application of existing

legislation aiming to protect journalists and human rights defenders at the

federal, state and municipal levels (Austria);

132.111 Strengthen programmes for protection of human rights defenders

and journalists and guarantee due investigation of crimes against them (Brazil);

132.112 Put in place public policies to create a safe and respectful working

environment for the work of journalists and human rights defenders (Belgium);

132.113 Provide sufficient financial and human resources to the national

mechanisms for the protection of human rights defenders and journalists

(Cameroon);

132.114 Adopt comprehensive policies for the protection of human rights

defenders, journalists and religious leaders, and ensure that existing

mechanisms are adequately funded and staffed with trained personnel

(Canada);

132.115 Strengthen the structure and budget of the mechanism for the

protection of human rights defenders and journalists (Colombia);

132.116 Strengthen the mechanism for the protection of human rights

defenders and journalists through the allocation of human and financial

resources in order to improve its implementation (Costa Rica);

132.117 Fully support the work of civil society organizations dedicated to the

welfare of street children (Croatia);

132.118 Provide all necessary resources and support to the human rights

defenders and journalists protection mechanism to improve its operational

effectiveness (Czechia);

132.119 Adopt effective measures to protect human rights defenders

(Ecuador);

132.120 Fully implement the 2012 law for the protection of human rights

defenders and journalists and effectively adopt measures against impunity

(Finland);

132.121 Strengthen the mechanism for the protection of human rights

defenders and journalists as well as all mechanisms for independent

investigation and prosecution of crimes committed against journalists and

human rights defenders (France);

132.122 Take additional steps to ensure the safety of journalists and the

proper funding of the relevant protection mechanism (Greece);

132.123 Provide financial and human resources which are sufficient to

national mechanisms for the protection of human rights defenders and

journalists (Albania);

132.124 Make effective and transparent use of the mechanism for the

protection of human rights defenders and journalists, including from a gender

perspective (Lithuania);

132.125 Ensure the unhindered work of human rights defenders

(Montenegro);

132.126 Further strengthen and harmonize its policies for the protection of

human rights defenders and journalists, including a more proactive and

investigatory role for its federal mechanism for the protection of human rights

defenders and journalists (Netherlands);

132.127 Effectively ensure the safety of human rights defenders (Poland);

132.128 Strengthen governmental efforts to protect journalists and human

rights defenders from threats, reprisals and intimidation, for example, by

allocating increased resources to the Human Rights Defenders and Journalists

Protection Fund (Republic of Korea);

132.129 Ensure a safe and enabling environment for journalists and media

workers and for media freedom (Slovakia);

132.130 Take additional measures to protect human rights defenders and

other activists (Slovakia);

132.131 Allocate sufficient financial and human resources to the national

mechanism for the protection of human rights defenders and journalists

(Slovenia);

132.132 Strengthen the protection mechanism for human rights defenders

and journalists by providing sufficient resources (Spain);

132.133 Prioritize effective protection for journalists and human rights

defenders, and guarantee sufficient resources to the mechanism for the

protection of human rights defenders and journalists (Australia);

132.134 Strengthen the mechanism for protection of human rights defenders

and the safety of journalists, in particular women, and ensure that it has

adequate resources and powers to carry out its work, including at the state and

municipal levels (Sweden);

132.135 Effectively protect, promote and guarantee the safety and human

rights of migrants and refugees, including the right to seek asylum, especially

those who are in transit within the national territory and around the southern

border. Special attention needs to be given to women and children (Sweden);

132.136 Strengthen the protection mechanism for human rights defenders

and journalists by providing it with the resources and competences necessary

for its work (Switzerland);

132.137 Ensure freedom of expression, promptly and impartially investigate

all cases of attacks against journalists and human rights defenders, and bring

perpetrators to justice (Estonia);

132.138 Protect freedom of expression by effectively prosecuting perpetrators

of attacks against journalists and human rights defenders (Lithuania);

132.139 Ensure freedom of religion for all people, especially indigenous

populations, so that they are not forcibly displaced and compelled to convert

(Pakistan);

132.140 Strengthen the anti-trafficking committees’ and specialized units’

human and financial resources to respond more effectively to cases of

trafficking in persons (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

132.141 Take measures to prevent and eliminate trafficking in persons and

assist the victims of these violations (Côte d’Ivoire);

132.142 Continue the efforts made to fight against trafficking in persons, in

particular the exploitation of children and women, by reinforcing the fight

against traffickers (Djibouti);

132.143 Combat impunity associated with crimes committed in the field of

human rights (Egypt);

132.144 Continue and expand current efforts to tackle all aspects of

trafficking in persons, particularly in women and girls (Guyana);

132.145 Take further steps to improve coordination on the implementation of

a national policy to prevent, eradicate and punish human trafficking

(Indonesia);

132.146 Continue developing an early warning mechanism to prevent adverse

effects for the civilian population in its fight against drug trafficking and

organized crime (Indonesia);

132.147 Make extra efforts towards the protection of children and prevention

of child trafficking, exploitation, child prostitution and involvement in

organized crime (Iraq);

132.148 Continue efforts to combat the scourge of human trafficking

(Malaysia);

132.149 Intensify efforts to combat trafficking in persons while strengthening

protection and care, especially for women and child survivors (Philippines);

132.150 Investigate and prevent the numerous fatalities of children related to

armed violence and drug trafficking (Portugal);

132.151 Adopt more proactive measures to comprehensively address human

trafficking and ensure accountability for victims, particularly women and girls,

who are disproportionately affected (Rwanda);

132.152 Continue to prevent trafficking in children, particularly migrant and

indigenous children and girls, for sexual exploitation and forced labour (Sri

Lanka);

132.153 Ensure that the relevant authorities are sensitized to the applicable

human trafficking legislation (Trinidad and Tobago);

132.154 Continue efforts to support children’s rights and protect them

against trafficking and sexual exploitation (Tunisia);

132.155 Protect the welfare of the family as the main natural unit that binds

society and helps it grow (Egypt);

132.156 Take all possible steps to put an end to enforced disappearances, due

to which the whereabouts of thousands of people remain unknown (Hungary);

132.157 Quickly and effectively implement the General Act on Enforced

Disappearance of Persons, Disappearance Perpetrated by Individuals and the

National Search System for Missing Persons, with sufficient opportunity for the

participation of families of disappeared persons (Ireland);

132.158 Adopt comprehensive measures to reduce the levels of unemployment

and underemployment (Belarus);

132.159 Continue to reduce the levels of unemployment and

underemployment using a comprehensive national action plan, taking into

consideration the vulnerable sectors of society (India);

132.160 Reduce the wage gap between men and women in the labour market

to strengthen gender equality (Iraq);

132.161 Continue efforts to eliminate the gender wage gap (Maldives);

132.162 Make efforts to bridge the wage gap between women and men in the

country (Syrian Arab Republic);

132.163 Continue to implement national programmes for development to

eradicate poverty to promote sustainable economic and social development to

create a solid base for the enjoyment of all human rights (China);

132.164 Work on the reduction of extreme poverty (Bolivarian Republic of

Venezuela);

132.165 Continue and intensify efforts to eradicate poverty and social

inequality (Cyprus);

132.166 Adopt legal measures on a social security system that guarantees

effective social protection and provides adequate benefits for all (Islamic

Republic of Iran);

132.167 Continue its endeavours in alleviating poverty and inequality (Islamic

Republic of Iran);

132.168 Continue its efforts to implement the National Development Plan in

order to encourage sustainable social development as a condition for the

progressive realization of human rights (Lao People’s Democratic Republic);

132.169 Take urgent steps to further reduce the poverty level, currently at

43.6 per cent (Malaysia);

132.170 Prioritize the effective implementation of the PROSPERA and

DICONSA social support programmes and the National Development Plan in

rural areas to further reduce poverty and social inequalities among all its

citizens (Singapore);

132.171 Strengthen food and nutrition policies and programmes in rural

areas (Plurinational State of Bolivia);

132.172 Continue efforts to provide vulnerable families with access to

adequate housing (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

132.173 Ensure the provision of adequate housing and basic services to

internally displaced persons and take steps to create the conditions which will

allow them to return to their homes (New Zealand);

132.174 Continue efforts to guarantee the right to safe drinking water and

sanitation services for everyone without exception (Saudi Arabia);

132.175 Ensure equal access to legal abortion at least in cases of danger to life

and health for all women in all Mexican states (Azerbaijan);

132.176 Harmonize national legislation about pregnant women, ensuring that

related services are provided legally and safely throughout the country

(Cameroon);

132.177 Ensure nationwide access to safe, timely and high-quality sexual and

reproductive health services for all individuals, without discrimination

(Canada);

132.178 Harmonize federal and state legislation with a view to

decriminalizing abortion and ensuring access to legal and safe abortion at least

in cases of rape, incest and danger to the girl’s life or health (Denmark); Revise

and harmonize the federal and state legislation to decriminalize abortion and

allow legal abortion at least in cases of rape, incest and danger to the woman’s

life and health (Georgia); Harmonize federal and state legislation with a view to

decriminalizing abortion at least in cases of rape, incest or danger to the

women’s health and life (Slovenia);

132.179 Harmonize and guarantee the right to voluntary termination of

pregnancy for women victims of rape, early pregnancy or at risk (France);

132.180 Further reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity rates,

particularly among women with low incomes and those belonging to

disadvantaged groups (India);

132.181 Harmonize national legislation on the termination of pregnancy,

ensuring that this service is provided legally and safely throughout the country

(Albania);

132.182 Promote the right to education to all, including indigenous

communities and persons of African descent, and encourage quality education

(India);

132.183 Continue to provide scholarship programmes for children,

adolescents and young persons, including in rural and remote areas to ensure

that children are in the educational system (Lao People’s Democratic Republic);

132.184 Improve school infrastructure and increase the budget for

educational personnel in schools, while strengthening training for the personnel

to ensure the effective integration of persons with disabilities (Algeria);

132.185 Grant education effectively to all children (Portugal);

132.186 Continue work to increase grants for upper secondary education for

students living in municipalities with high levels of violence and delinquency

(Qatar);

132.187 Strengthen efforts to improve the quality of and access to education,

especially for vulnerable children (Thailand);

132.188 Continue taking the necessary steps to improve the number of

qualified teachers within the education system (Trinidad and Tobago);

132.189 Improve the quality of its education by increasing the number of

qualified teachers and improving infrastructure and educational materials

(Turkmenistan);

132.190 Continue efforts to ensure the right to education and combat the

phenomenon of early dropout (Tunisia);

132.191 Continue its efforts in promoting women’s rights and gender equality,

including through the effective operation of its National System for Equality

between Women and Men (Viet Nam);

132.192 Continue and expand measures to address all attitudes and

stereotypes that lead to and result in discrimination and violence against

women and girls (Guyana);

132.193 Amend legislation, policies and practices which discriminate against

women and girls, including by ensuring safe and legal access to abortion (New

Zealand);

132.194 Take all appropriate measures to address patriarchal attitudes and

gender stereotypes, including reviewing laws, customs and practices that may

constitute discrimination against women and girls (Rwanda);

132.195 Continue fighting domestic violence against women (Serbia);

132.196 Continue to invest sufficient resources to improve gender equality

and to better protect women and girls in Mexico (Singapore);

132.197 Enhance efforts towards eradication of gender stereotypes that have

a negative impact on the situation of women, in particular those from rural

areas (Slovenia);

132.198 Continue to prevent difficulties and discriminatory practices that

women face when attempting to enter the labour market and prevent violence

against women and girls with regular monitoring (Sri Lanka);

132.199 Continue efforts to eliminate discrimination against women,

especially in the labour market (Tunisia);

132.200 Evaluate and create the necessary regulations to eliminate legal and

procedural uncertainties in the application of the gender violence alert

mechanism (Austria);

132.201 Work for the effective implementation of the national legal

framework to combat impunity for acts of violence and discrimination against

women in all its forms (Cuba);

132.202 Develop actions for the prevention of all forms of violence against

women and for the assistance and protection of victims, as well as to raise

awareness among the population and public officers (Cuba);

132.203 Step up actions to prevent and eradicate gender violence (Ecuador);

132.204 Step up the fight against gender-based violence, including violence

against girls and femicide (Estonia);

132.205 Assess and strengthen the alert mechanism for gender violence and

systematize the application of the investigation protocol of the crime of femicide

(France);

132.206 Ensure the harmonization of the penal codes of all Mexican states so

that women, regardless of their place of residence, can access legal, safe and

voluntary termination of pregnancy, and guarantee the provision of the

respective medical services (Iceland);

132.207 Take effective measures to combat violence and discrimination

against women, including measures to reduce female unemployment (Albania);

132.208 Continue to take measures to fully promote and protect the rights of

women and children and to prevent violence and abuse against them (Italy);

132.209 Eliminate violence and discrimination against women (Japan);

132.210 Protect women’s and girls’ rights and adopt measures to prevent the

violent deaths, killings and enforced disappearance of women and girls,

including by addressing the root causes of such violence (Liechtenstein);

132.211 Strengthen cooperation with independent experts and non-

governmental organizations in preventing gender-based violence and in

collecting verified data on violence against women and girls (Lithuania);

132.212 Continue to address the problem of gender violence, particularly in

terms of access to justice for the women affected (Malaysia);

132.213 Continue to take effective measures to address gender-based violence

(Nepal);

132.214 Intensify its efforts to reduce the high levels of gender-based violence

against women, including by evaluating and modifying the procedure for

activating the gender violence alert mechanism in broad consultation with civil

society (Norway);

132.215 Ensure allocation of sufficient resources to strengthen programmes

and measures to address violence against women and children, combat human

trafficking, and improve migrants’ and asylum seekers’ welfare (Philippines);

132.216 Implement measures to effectively combat all forms of violence

against girls and women (Portugal);

132.217 Continue the efforts to harmonize legislation in favour of the human

rights of women and girls (Qatar);

132.218 Continue to further strengthen the national system in order to

prevent and eliminate violence against women (Armenia);

132.219 Strengthen governmental efforts and resources to combat and

investigate violence against women, including domestic violence (Republic of

Korea);

132.220 Take further steps to ensure the effective implementation of the

General Act on Women’s Access to a Life Free of Violence and with a view to

ending impunity for violence against women (Republic of Moldova);

132.221 Apply as a matter of priority the General Act on Women’s Access to

a Life Free of Violence and assess the application of the early warning

mechanism for gender violence against women (Spain);

132.222 Adopt effective measures to address the problem of the increased

violence against women, especially that leading to the killing of women (Syrian

Arab Republic);

132.223 Implement measures aimed at ensuring women’s appointment to

decision-making positions in the executive agencies and the judiciary system

(Bulgaria);

132.224 Continue setting up a comprehensive system to protect children’s

rights and develop a national strategy to prevent and address all forms of

violence against them (Ukraine);

132.225 Continue the efforts to combat violence against children by

strengthening, inter alia, the relevant national action plan through the

development of strategies and actions that address the structural causes of

violence and the inclusion of monitoring, evaluation and accountability

mechanisms (Cyprus);

132.226 Prohibit corporal punishment of children in the General Act on the

Rights of Children and Adolescents and the civil and family codes of the 32

federative entities (Hungary);

132.227 Strengthen its efforts to improve the enjoyment by children and

adolescents of their basic rights and in particular unaccompanied migrant

children (Islamic Republic of Iran);

132.228 Continue to strengthen measures to protect children from armed

violence, including drug trafficking and organized crime (Maldives);

132.229 Continue efforts to ensure the access of refugee children to education

and health-care services (Morocco);

132.230 Ensure the alignment of federal and local legislation with the General

Act on the Rights of Children and Adolescents (Republic of Moldova);

132.231 Adopt a clear and budgeted programme of work for the National

System for the Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents

(Republic of Moldova);

132.232 Continue investing efforts in the fight against child poverty and

promoting the social inclusion of children in areas of the country where it is

needed (Serbia);

132.233 Continue to reduce the high child and maternal mortality rates

among indigenous and rural populations and the high maternal mortality rate

among adolescents through strengthening health systems (Sri Lanka);

132.234 Strengthen efforts to prohibit corporal and psychological punishment

of children (Syrian Arab Republic);

132.235 Modernize legal frameworks and action plans to address the sexual

exploitation of children and harmonize federal and local legislation with the

General Act on the Rights of Children and Adolescents (Syrian Arab Republic);

132.236 Work towards ensuring that relevant federal legislation is consistent

with the General Act on the Rights of Children and Adolescents in respect of

the minimum age for marriage (Trinidad and Tobago);

132.237 Promote the participation of people of African descent in official

economic, cultural and political issues affecting them (Azerbaijan);

132.238 Strengthen the legislative and institutional framework to combat

discrimination against indigenous peoples and people of African descent, and to

ensure equal opportunities to government jobs and leadership positions (Egypt);

132.239 Strengthen and expand efforts to promote access to social, political

and economic justice by indigenous populations (Guyana);

132.240 In follow-up to the recommendation in paragraph 148.170 of the

report of the Working Group from the second cycle (A/HRC/25/7), create and

implement federal and national policies with clear and measurable objectives to

improve opportunities and to eliminate the structural obstacles preventing the

social and economic inclusion of black minorities, including teaching in schools

their contribution to Mexican history, with their full participation (Haiti);

132.241 Strengthen the protection of the rights of indigenous people to

education and access to health care, and seek their free, prior and informed

consent regarding the usage of their land (Holy See);

132.242 Take measures to prevent discrimination against indigenous, Afro-

Mexican and migrant children, children with disabilities and children living in

poverty, particularly in rural areas (Islamic Republic of Iran);

132.243 Redouble efforts to ensure the full enjoyment of human rights by

people of African descent (Nigeria);

132.244 Continue holding prior consultations with indigenous communities as

a fundamental tool for the full achievement of their rights (Peru);

132.245 Adopt concrete measures to address marginalization and

discrimination against persons of African descent, including through enhancing

institutional capacity to systematically document, investigate and prosecute acts

of discrimination (Rwanda);

132.246 Continue efforts to guarantee the end of human rights abuses against

indigenous people (State of Palestine);

132.247 Continue efforts to eliminate all forms of domestic and institutional

degrading treatment of children with disabilities (Bulgaria);

132.248 Make further efforts to protect children, women, people with

disabilities and indigenous people (China);

132.249 Continue implementing the policies aimed at supporting the

integration of all persons with disabilities in society, as well as their active

participation in the community, and allocate sufficient resources to this end

(Djibouti);

132.250 Continue efforts to establish a guide on how to care for persons with

disabilities so that aid can be provided properly (Jordan);

132.251 Continue the adoption of measures to raise awareness among the

population on the rights of persons with disabilities (Algeria);

132.252 Take steps towards the eradication of stereotypes through, inter alia,

awareness-raising campaigns and dissemination of information on the rights of

persons with disabilities (Armenia);

132.253 Develop an adequate legal framework as well as public policies and

programmes to address displacement, which disproportionately affects

Indigenous communities (Canada);

132.254 Adopt all measures to ensure decent treatment for migrant minors

who enter the country (Chile);

132.255 Guarantee access to justice to migrants, asylum seekers and refugees

(Côte d’Ivoire);

132.256 Take the necessary legal and administrative measures to guarantee

the rights of national and foreign migrants, in accordance with Mexico’s

international obligations (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

132.257 Protect the human rights of persons in a situation of human mobility,

in particular in border areas (Ecuador);

132.258 Take adequate steps to prevent crimes against migrants and in

particular violence against children and adolescents from third countries while

in transit through Mexico (Greece);

132.259 In follow-up to the recommendations in paragraphs 128.146, 128.173,

128.175 and 128.176 of the report of the Working Group from the second cycle,

strengthen the Commission on Assistance for Refugees by considerably

increasing the number of social workers to process asylum applications (Haiti);

132.260 Protect effectively and guarantee the safety and fundamental human

rights of migrants, especially women and children, including those who are in

transit on the national territory, ensuring their access to justice, education,

health and civil registry, incorporating the principle of the best interest of the

child and the family unit (Holy See);

132.261 Enforce efforts toward the protection of migrant women and asylum

seekers from risk of abduction, violence and trafficking (Iraq);

132.262 Continue to apply legislation on immigration procedures, in line with

its human rights obligations and standards, in particular the respect for due

process and the principle of non-refoulement (Paraguay);

132.263 Consider adopting a mandatory protocol for asylum seekers (Peru);

132.264 Ensure the full implementation of economic, social and cultural

rights for refugees and asylum seekers (Armenia).

133. All conclusions and/or recommendations contained in the present report reflect

the position of the submitting State(s) and/or the State under review. They should not

be construed as endorsed by the Working Group as a whole.

Annex

[English/Spanish only]

Composition of the delegation

The delegation of Mexico was headed by H.E. Ambassador Miguel Ruiz Cabanas,

Undersecretary for Multilateral Affairs and Human Rights, Secretariat of Foreign Affairs,

and composed of the following members:

• Sr. Rafael Adrián Avante Juárez, Subsecretario de Derechos Humanos, Secretaría de Gobernación;

• Sr. David Arellano Cuan, Subsecretario de Previsión Social, Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social;

• Sra. María Marcela Eternod Arámburu, Secretaria Ejecutiva, Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres;

• Sra. Kenia López Rabadán, Presidenta de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, Senado de la República;

• Sra. Leticia Bonifaz Alfonzo, Directora General de Estudios, Promoción y Desarrollo de los Derechos Humanos, Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación;

• Embajadora Socorro Flores Liera, Representante Permanente de México ante la ONU y otros Organismos Internacionales;

• Embajador Raúl Heredia Acosta, Representante Permanente Alterno ante la ONU y otros Organismos Internacionales;

• Sr. Guillaume Michel Blin, Director General de Derechos Humanos y Democracia, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores;

• Sra. Patricia Colchero Aragonés, Titular de la Unidad para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos, Secretaría de Gobernación;

• Sra. María del Pilar Torre Canales, Directora General de Política Pública de Derechos Humanos, Secretaría de Gobernación;

• Sr. José Carlos Beltrán Benítes, Director General de Derechos Humanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional;

• Sr. Alejandro Ramos Flores, Jefe de la Unidad de Asuntos Jurídicos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional;

• Sr. Hilario Durán Tiburcio, Jefe de la Unidad de Promoción y Protección de los Derechos Humanos, Secretaría de Marina;

• Sr. Andrés Alejandro Pérez Frías, Abogado General, Secretaría de Economía;

• Sra. Nazarea Herrera Maldonado, Directora General de Salud Materna y Perinatal del Centro Nacional de Equidad de Género y Salud Reproductiva, Secretaría de

Salud;

• Sr. Ricardo Sánchez Pérez del Pozo, Fiscal Especial para la Atención de Delitos Cometidos contra la Libertad de Expresión, Procuraduría General de la República;

• Sr. Abel Galván Gallardo, Fiscal Especial en Investigación de los Delitos de Desaparición Forzada, Procuraduría General de la República;

• Sr. Sergio Alberto Ortiz Rosales, Coordinación General de Planeación y Evaluación, Comisión Nacional Para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas;

• Sr. Alejandro Robledo Flores, Coordinador General de Derechos Indígenas, Comisión Nacional Para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas;

• Sr. Sergio Jaime Rochín del Rincón, Comisionado Ejecutivo, Comisión Ejecutiva de Atención a Víctimas;

• Sr. Roberto Cabrera Alfaro, Comisionado, Comisión Nacional de Búsqueda de Personas;

• Sr. Rafael Heredia Aguilar, Director General de Vinculación y Atención Ciudadana, Comisión Nacional de Búsqueda de Personas;

• Sra. Patricia Pérez Ankarvall, Directora General de Planeación Normativa y Evaluación, Comisión Nacional de Búsqueda de Personas;

• Sra. Ángela Quiroga, Comisionada Nacional, Comisión Nacional para Prevenir y Erradicar la Violencia contra las Mujeres;

• Sr. Ricardo Antonio Bucio Mujica, Secretario Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Protección Integral de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes, Sistema Nacional de Protección

de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes;

• Sra. Alondra Mendoza Carlos, Directora General Adjunta de Política Internacional sobre Derechos Humanos II, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores;

• Sra. Nalleli Corro Aviña, Coordinadora de Derechos Humanos, Secretaría de Economía;

• Sr. Luis Fernando Rosas Ramírez, Director General Adjunto de Políticas Públicas, Capacitación e Investigación, Comisión Ejecutiva de Atención a Víctimas;

• Sra. Miriam Heredia Zertuche, Directora General Adjunta de Asuntos Internacionales, Procuraduría General de la República;

• Sra. Ana Paula Lavalle Arroyo, Directora de Política Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores;

• Sr. Mario Aguilar Palma, Director de Planeación, Estudios y Vinculación de Derechos Humanos, Secretaría de Marina;

• Sr. Roberto Velasco Álvarez, Asesor del Equipo de Transición;

• Sra. Erika Martínez Liévano, Ministra, Misión Permanente de México ante la ONU y otros Organismos Internacionales;

• Sr. Erasmo A. Lara Cabrera, Jefe de Cancillería en la Embajada de México en Alemania, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores;

• Sr. Oscar García Ponce de León, Consejero Militar, Misión Permanente de México ante la ONU y otros Organismos Internacionales, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional;

• Sr. Raúl Vargas, Primer Secretario, Misión Permanente de México ante la ONU y otros Organismos Internacionales;

• Sr. Diego Ruiz Gayol, Segundo Secretario, Misión Permanente de México ante la ONU y otros Organismos Internacionales;

• Sra. Lucía Ramón Torres, Asesora, Misión Permanente de México ante la ONU y otros Organismos Internacionales.